Policy & Regulation·Dec 30, 2025
China’s digital yuan set for deposit-based role in banks next year
The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) plans to roll out a new structure for its central bank digital currency (CBDC) operations, moving the digital yuan into a deposit-based role within the commercial banking system beginning Jan. 1, 2026. Lu Lei, a deputy governor of the PBOC, announced the update, marking a new direction after nearly a decade of pilot programs. According to a report by FTChinese, the move fits into Beijing’s broader economic planning, as authorities seek to reinforce China’s role in global finance while containing risks tied to loosely regulated digital activity. The deputy governor said China will continue to run the digital yuan under a two-tier system, with the central bank responsible for rules and infrastructure, while commercial banks manage wallets, payments, and compliance. He added that the arrangement is designed to prevent banks from being sidelined and to limit shadow banking risks associated with digital payment platforms outside the regulated system.Photo by Eric Prouzet on UnsplashDigital yuan transactions top $2.3TThe announcement comes as use of the digital yuan, known as the e-CNY, continues to rise. By late November 2025, the system had handled 3.48 billion transactions with a total value of 16.7 trillion yuan ($2.3 trillion). There are about 230 million personal wallets and 18.84 million corporate wallets. Beyond domestic use, the e-CNY is being positioned for international trade. Lu pointed to progress on mBridge, a cross-border payments project involving multiple central banks. The platform has processed 4,047 transactions worth the equivalent of 387.2 billion yuan ($55.3 billion), with the digital yuan accounting for about 95.3% of the settlement value. The deputy governor also sounded a note of caution on private-sector innovation, saying the rapid growth of digital assets and stablecoins could complicate the conduct of monetary policy. He said central banks need to ensure that new payment tools do not undermine macroeconomic stability or allow money to circulate beyond regulated channels. Hong Kong to license crypto dealers, custodiansAs Beijing moves to strengthen its state-backed currency framework, Hong Kong is also tightening oversight of the crypto market. On Dec. 24, the city’s Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB) and the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) released their conclusions on proposed legislation to regulate virtual asset dealing and custodial services. Following the implementation of the Stablecoins Ordinance in August, regulators are now moving to require firms offering crypto dealing or custody services in Hong Kong to obtain licenses and operate under regulatory supervision. They also began seeking feedback on whether to extend oversight to virtual asset advisory and management providers, with the proposed framework modeled on existing securities market rules. In a separate development underscoring the contrast between state-backed and decentralized digital currencies in the region, reports this month pointed to a sharp drop in Bitcoin network activity linked to mainland China. BTC hashrate drop seen amid China mining changesKong Jianping, CEO of Nasdaq-listed Web3 infrastructure firm Nano Labs, said on the social media platform X that the global Bitcoin network’s hashrate fell by about 100 exahashes per second, or roughly 8%, around Dec. 15. He attributed the decline to the shutdown of an estimated 400,000 mining rigs, mainly in Xinjiang. A lower hashrate means less computing power is securing the network, reducing competition among miners that validate transactions. China has maintained a broad ban on crypto trading and mining since 2021. Industry outlet Wu Blockchain said the reasons for the latest shutdowns were unclear.
