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China’s Crypto Crackdown Reveals Capital Control LoopholesChinese authorities have been stepping up their efforts to crack down on cryptocurrency-related crimes, and with that, uncovering how digital currencies are being used to bypass strict capital controls imposed by Beijing.China may be a few years into a crackdown against the use of cryptocurrencies but despite that, their use and particularly their use for illicit purposes continue. That’s according to a report on Wednesday by the South China Morning Post (SCMP).Photo by Christian Lue on UnsplashCombating capital outflowsThe rising trend of capital outflows has prompted Chinese authorities to take action. Two prominent cases illustrate the extent of these illegal activities and the value of assets seized.In Jingmen, a city in Hubei province, police disclosed details of an online gambling case involving digital currencies used to evade regulation. The case has implicated over 50,000 individuals and a turnover of billions of dollars. Although the specific virtual currency was not mentioned, authorities revealed that they had frozen multiple accounts with a combined value of $160 million.Meanwhile, in Shanxi province, police solved a money laundering case linked to 380 million yuan worth of USDT, the US dollar stablecoin issued by Tether. China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange is responsible for monitoring cross-border capital flows. Accordingly, it has taken steps to curb these illicit activities. Late last month, it fined ten firms in order to maintain order in the forex market.Digital yuan developmentThese recent cryptocurrency cases have exposed loopholes in China’s capital control system. Crypto mining and trading have long been banned by Chinese regulators. As an alternative, China has been actively developing its own central bank digital currency (CBDC), known as the digital yuan or e-CNY. 2023 has seen a raft of measures taken by various regional administrators throughout China to bring about further e-CNY adoption.However, the ban on cryptocurrencies and the launch of the e-CNY have driven many miners and traders underground or to overseas locations such as Hong Kong, which ironically, is vying to become a cryptocurrency hub. The continued depreciation of the yuan against the US dollar has intensified capital outflow pressures.Chinese bonds sell-offInternationally, fund managers have been selling significant amounts of Chinese securities since 2021. That goes against the current regional trend which sees emerging Asian markets experiencing substantial inflows of funds during the same period, according to the Institute of International Finance.That market activity has been in response to Chinese policies and escalating US-China tensions. An Atlantic Council report highlights that international institutional investors have been net sellers of approximately 1 trillion yuan in Chinese bonds since early 2022.China’s efforts to control capital outflows and stabilize the yuan’s value face ongoing challenges, as cryptocurrency-related crimes persist. While the crackdown exposes weaknesses in the country’s capital control system, it also underscores the difficulty authorities will have globally in trying to control digital currency use.

Hong Kong regulators consider opening up crypto ETFs to retailHong Kong regulators are now exploring the possibility of allowing retail investors to participate in spot crypto exchange-traded funds (ETFs).The CEO of Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), Julia Leung, was cited by Bloomberg on Sunday as having indicated that provided that the necessary regulatory approvals and checks are in place, the regulator may be open to the notion of retail participation where spot crypto ETFs are concerned. Leung emphasized the regulator’s openness to innovative technology that enhances efficiency as long as it addresses potential new risks.Photo by Markus Winkler on Pixabay‘Happy to give it a try’She stated: “We welcome proposals using innovative technology that boosts efficiency and customer experience. We’re happy to give it a try as long as new risks are addressed. Our approach is consistent regardless of the asset.”While both the United States and Hong Kong currently permit futures-based cryptocurrency exchange-traded funds (ETFs), the adoption of such instruments has been relatively modest in comparison to the broader fund industry.In Hong Kong, there are currently ETF listings for products like Samsung Bitcoin Futures Active, CSOP Bitcoin Futures and CSOP Ether Futures, with a total combined asset value of approximately $65 million. In June, Hong Kong’s largest ETF manager, Hang Seng, suggested that it too was considering a crypto product offering.In accordance with the SFC’s digital asset regulations, individual investors already have the opportunity to trade prominent cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ether on licensed cryptocurrency exchanges since June 1. Presently, BC Technology Group Ltd.’s OSL and HashKey Exchange are the only platforms in Hong Kong with permits for cryptocurrency trading. Additionally, there are expectations that mandatory regulations concerning stablecoins will be introduced over the course of the next year.Prioritizing investor protectionLeung expressed the regulator’s cautious approach, stating:“As the crypto ecosystem evolves step-by-step to the point where we’re comfortable, then we’re happy to open up more access to the wider investing public.”Notably, Hong Kong also recently unveiled its Web3 plans, highlighting its commitment to embracing blockchain and decentralized technologies.Hong Kong introduced a specialized regulatory framework for virtual assets in June which are designed to attract businesses while prioritizing investor protection. That need to protect consumers has been underscored recently by the alleged fraud that has subsequently been uncovered involving HK$1.6 billion ($204 million) at the unlicensed JPEX cryptocurrency exchange in the city.Market reactionThe significance of such a move isn’t lost on crypto market participants. Taking to X, one wrote: “Seismic shift. Hong Kong’s play could reshape the Asian crypto landscape. #Bitcoin ETFs? A strategic move to anchor HK as the digital nexus of Asia.” Another claimed that this “might redefine the crypto landscape and fuel the next bull market.”A report published by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in April found that crypto ETFs have the potential to play a significant part in the next phase of digital asset innovation in Asia.Leung emphasized the importance of a strong and comprehensive regulatory structure, highlighting the SFC's efforts to enhance transparency in processing license applications for virtual asset exchanges.Moreover, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), the Chinese autonomous territory’s central bank, is actively exploring the possibility of offering guidance to banks regarding the provision of digital asset custodial services. These services are considered vital for nurturing the growth of a digital asset ecosystem and ensuring investor security.

Indian cryptocurrency investment platform Mudrex has unveiled plans to provide access to U.S. spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) for investors within the world’s most populous country. Serving Indian institutional investorsThis initiative, as disclosed by CEO and co-founder Edul Patel in discussion with local media, marks a particularly significant milestone for Indian institutional investors who previously lacked direct access to spot Bitcoin ETFs, which were predominantly available to retail investors through U.S. stock investing firms. In its initial phase, Mudrex intends to list the top four BTC ETFs from prominent entities including BlackRock, Fidelity and Franklin Templeton. While eleven BTC ETF products currently exist in the United States, most commentators agree that there will be a consolidation with the majority unlikely to survive in the long run. Mudrex will ensure compliance by being registered with the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of India. The company already provides clients with access to a diverse selection of over 350 cryptocurrencies and crypto baskets, coupled with the provision of actionable insights to help clients reach investment decisions effectively. Patel outlined the rationale behind the product offering, stating:“Seeing the increasing demand for Bitcoin spot ETFs and user requests on our platform in the past few months, we have decided to launch it for Indian investors.”Photo by rupixen on UnsplashPurchased under Liberalized Remittance SchemeMudrex ensures actual transactions are processed through broker partners in the U.S., while its Indian subsidiary facilitates the spot Bitcoin ETF service. This development unfolds amidst a nuanced regulatory environment in India, where regulatory bodies such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Finance Ministry's Intelligence Unit hold varying stances on cryptocurrency. While the RBI remains cautious about crypto, the Finance Ministry's Intelligence Unit has registered numerous Indian crypto service providers and imposed rigorous taxation policies. Patel expanded on the alignment of spot Bitcoin ETFs with the Liberalized Remittance Scheme (LRS), a framework that simplifies overseas investments for Indian investors. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) prescribes a limit of $250,000 per year for overseas investments by Indians under the LRS. In line with that, Mudrex is facilitating a minimum investment of $5,000 and a maximum of $250,000. Accessing spot Bitcoin ETFs through Mudrex under the LRS framework offers a more tax-efficient avenue compared to domestic crypto exchanges in India. Among Mudrex's clientele, comprising approximately 350 institutions, Patel reveals that around 20 have initiated the process of joining the platform for spot BTC ETF investments. With an anticipated average ticket size of $110,000, this demonstrates a growing appetite among institutional investors for exposure to Bitcoin ETFs facilitated through Mudrex's platform. This move by Mudrex is interesting when contrasted with recent comments made by RBI governor Shaktikanta Das, who suggested that the central bank wasn’t in favor of the offering of such products in India despite the decision by the U.S. authorities to permit spot Bitcoin ETFs. Hong Kong is working towards the approval of such products while hoping to get out in front of the competition by being the first to launch a similar Ethereum-based product. Meanwhile, the London Stock Exchange announced on March 11 that it intends to commence accepting applications for Bitcoin and Ether exchange-traded notes (ETN).