Terraform Money Trail Leads to Swiss Bank

Thailand's government has recently secured approval for a $14 billion digital handout program as part of its economic recovery strategy. The program hasn’t come about without considerable debate and a backdrop of concerns expressed about the Southeast Asian nation's sluggish economic growth. According to Reuters, the decision was confirmed by Deputy Finance Minister Julapun Amornvivat, who stated that the Office of the Council of State, an advisory panel, found no legal obstacles to utilizing state budget funds for the initiative.Photo by Oleksandr P on PexelsDigital handout programThe digital handout program, a key policy of the ruling Pheu Thai party, involves distributing 10,000 baht (approximately $300) to digital wallets set up for each of the 50 million Thai citizens. This financial injection aims to stimulate spending within local communities, providing a much-needed boost to the economy. While the program has faced concerns about potential inflation risks due to Thailand's slow economic growth, the government has argued that it will ultimately benefit the economy. Julapun emphasized that the government plans to proceed with the scheme in May, funded through borrowing. Council of State and opposition party concernsEarlier reports had indicated that the Council of State had initially advised against the government's plan to enact a loan bill for the digital wallet scheme. Concerns were raised about potential violations of constitutional articles, including Article 140, which requires the government to offset any loans outside the budget bill in the next fiscal budget. In addition to inflation worries, the opposition expressed concerns about a potential breach of Article 53 of the 2018 State Fiscal and Financial Discipline Act, which permits off-budget borrowing only in urgent situations. Despite these concerns, the Office of the Council of State ultimately found no reason to prohibit the cabinet from borrowing to fund the program. Thailand's move towards a $14.3 billion cash handout program, termed the "digital wallet" program, is expected to commence by May. Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin affirmed this timeline after the Council of State's approval. The program, allowing Thais to receive funds via a mobile app, aims to spur consumption and overall economic growth. Election campaign giveawayThe idea of the digital asset giveaway was first floated by the Pheu Thai Party (PTP) in April of last year as part of its election manifesto. Subsequently, the party won the election in August, with Srettha being installed as Prime Minister. That appointment was interpreted as being a positive one by crypto advocates, given that Srettha had worked with crypto and blockchain-related technologies in his previous business dealings. Critics, including some economists and former central bank governors, argue that the handout plan could be fiscally irresponsible and fuel inflation. Prime Minister Srettha, who is also the finance minister, plans to discuss the stimulus plan and related matters with the central bank governor. The Thai Chamber of Commerce anticipates a 3% year-on-year growth in the first quarter of 2024, with an annual growth rate of 3.2%, driven by tourism and exports. The digital wallet scheme, if implemented as planned, could potentially add 1.0-1.5 percentage points to this year's growth, according to the chamber. 

The Current Status of Crypto in AsiaWith the United States having taken a very harsh line relative to cryptocurrency of late, there has been a lot of chatter surrounding the likelihood of Asia driving crypto forward. With that in mind, we’ve taken a look at the state of crypto in a number of Asian countries.©Pexels/RODNAE ProductionsJapanJapan is among the most crypto-friendly developed nations globally, having acknowledged Bitcoin as a legal payment mode and regulated crypto exchanges in 2017. Bitflyer and Bitbank are among the crypto exchanges operating in Japan, which currently has over 23 authorized crypto exchanges.The country aims to balance consumer protection and innovation by requiring crypto exchanges to register with the FSA, comply with stringent rules on security, anti-money laundering, and reporting, undergo regular FSA audits and inspections, and be part of the Japan Virtual Currency Exchange Association (JVCEA) for self-regulation.Despite being regulated, Japan’s crypto market is lively, with the Yen ranking second for Bitcoin trading volume by currency. The country has a flourishing crypto community, including blockchain firm LayerX, which requires ChatGPT expertise. Japan is also exploring the potential of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and plans to launch a pilot program with private sector partners in 2023 to test their feasibility for various use cases, aligning with the country’s strict approach to crypto.Japan’s crypto taxation is unfavorable, with crypto gains taxed at the same rates as regular income, potentially reaching up to 55% for higher income brackets. However, Japan is one of the few countries with comprehensive guidelines on crypto taxation, with the NTA providing a detailed document that explains different types of transactions and their corresponding tax calculations.ChinaChina’s ban on crypto mining led to many miners moving their operations overseas or selling their equipment at a loss. However, China’s crypto-mining industry bounced back, with a 21% share of the global hash rate. While China has a competitive advantage in cheap electricity, regulatory risks remain.China’s digital yuan is a legal tender fully backed by the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) and pegged to the renminbi. Unlike most cryptocurrencies, it is not decentralized or anonymous but is monitored by the PBOC. Adoption has been slow despite various partnerships and pilot tests, including with WeChat Pay.China is working with other countries on the Multiple CBDC Bridge project to explore the feasibility of cross-border fund transfers among different currencies. Launching its own CBDC may allow China to reduce its reliance on the US dollar and increase its influence over global trade and monetary policy. However, the success of that endeavor is questionable.Hong KongHong Kong is a crypto-friendly jurisdiction that faces banking access and mainland influence challenges. Despite difficulties opening local bank accounts after the closure of two crypto-friendly banks, Hong Kong remains committed to fostering its fintech hub status.The government proposed allowing retail investors to trade cryptocurrencies and ETFs and reviewing property rights for tokenized assets while considering legalizing smart contracts. Crypto purchases for all citizens are due to be legalized in June 2023. These measures should attract more investors and businesses to the city’s crypto industry.Nonetheless, Hong Kong must overcome hurdles regarding banking access and regulatory uncertainty from mainland China to maintain its attractive status for crypto businesses and investors.SingaporeSingapore has a supportive crypto ecosystem and regulations with low tax rates, favorable policies, strong financial center reputation, and proximity to other Asian markets. Notable international crypto players with offices in Singapore include Coinbase, Crypto.com and Kraken.However, Singapore imposes strict rules on crypto service providers to prevent illicit activities, requiring digital payment token (DPT) services to obtain a license under the Payment Services Act or face fines and jail time. Singapore’s crypto industry also faces competition from other jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong and the UAE, offering tax incentives and favorable legal frameworks.IndiaIndia’s crypto industry faces uncertainties due to the lack of a clear regulatory framework and frequent changes in the government’s stance. Despite having a large tech-savvy population and an active crypto community, the industry struggles with regulatory compliance and legal risks. In 2018, the Reserve Bank of India’s ban on banking channels cut off many crypto businesses and users.The Supreme Court of India later overturned the ban, but draft bills to ban or regulate crypto have since been proposed without official introduction or passage. India recently imposed a preemptive ban on crypto advertising and sponsorships and is exploring the integration of a CBDC. India’s position on crypto leans toward the anti-crypto side, just short of an outright ban.For brevity, we’ve confined discussion to these five Asian venues. However, it would be remiss of us not to mention that Vietnam has one of the highest levels of crypto adoption in the world while having a crypto trading ban in place. Not so in South Korea where crypto trading is legal, with strict regulation having been put in place. Meanwhile, Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has approved four cryptocurrencies as tradable assets, with crypto trading in the country having a legal status.It’s difficult to figure out precisely how crypto will develop geographically but it seems certain that its future will be molded to some extent in Asia.

Lotte Group’s Bellygom NFT Project Garners Global Fanbase of Over 300KDaehong Communications and Lotte Homeshopping shared yesterday that their NFT project has now garnered a global fanbase exceeding 300,000 members. The two companies are subsidiaries of South Korean industrial conglomerate Lotte Group.Photo by Khinaii van Laren on UnsplashPartnership initiatives as global expansionTheir NFT initiative, operated by the group’s marketing arm Daehong, is based on Bellygom, the pink bear character representing Lotte Homeshopping. As part of its global strategy, the Bellygom NFT project has formed partnerships with various international projects and has been actively involved in communication efforts. Notably, Bellygom’s X (formerly Twitter) account, created earlier this year, has attracted 100,000 followers within a span of five months.At the end of last month, Daehong successfully completed the minting of Bellyland, the second NFT collection of the Bellygom project. The minting event was accompanied by Jelly Adventure, a universe where users can participate in a wide range of missions and games to earn “Bubble Gums.” Notably, Jelly Adventure is not only accessible to Bellyland NFT holders but also to those of other projects such as YogaPetz and Mocaverse.It’s worth highlighting that the minting event achieved the sale of over 5,000 NFTs, even during a period of reduced activity in the NFT market. Despite the declining minting prices and quantities, it managed to raise over 750,000 MATIC.Joining of new international usersAdditionally, the minting event attracted new international users to the Bellygom project, underlining its sustainability. The successful debut of Bellyland NFTs has significantly contributed to the project’s global expansion and presence.Furthermore, Daehong is pursuing a range of initiatives aimed at cultivating a fan-centric ecosystem with the ultimate objective of driving broader adoption of Web3 technologies. With the belief that the fanbase provides a strong foothold for the brand’s growth, the marketing firm plays a crucial role in facilitating the introduction of the Bellygom brand to the Web3 space. To this end, Daehong is constructing a universe with a story that embodies the brand’s identity while seamlessly integrating it with conventional marketing strategies.