Terraform Money Trail Leads to Swiss Bank

SBI and Saudi Aramco to explore digital asset business partnershipsJapanese financial services conglomerate SBI and Saudi Arabia’s state-controlled energy giant Saudi Aramco have jointly announced their exploration of potential collaboration in the realms of digital assets and semiconductors.Photo by Chris Liverani on UnsplashDigital asset portfolio co-investingThe partnership, which was publicly disclosed last week, aims to delve into co-investing in each other’s digital asset portfolios. Such an arrangement will leverage SBI’s substantial holdings and the formidable position of Aramco as the world’s second-largest company by revenue, boasting a staggering $604 billion figure. The partnership will mark a strategic alliance that goes beyond geographical boundaries, underscoring the global impact of digital asset investments.The collaboration between SBI and Aramco extends beyond mere investment, with SBI actively seeking to identify Japanese digital asset startups keen on expanding their operations into Saudi Arabia. The joint effort aims to provide comprehensive support to these startups, facilitating their integration into the Saudi market and contributing to the growth of the digital economy.SBI Middle EastIn addition to this venture, SBI is set to establish “SBI Middle East” in Riyadh, serving as a central hub for its operations in the Middle East. This move aligns with SBI’s recent announcement of a $100 million joint fund with Standard Chartered, based in Dubai, solidifying its commitment to fostering financial partnerships in the region.When contemplating cryptocurrency activities in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia might not be the first destination that comes to mind, given Turkey’s significant crypto adoption rate and the UAE’s well-established crypto regulatory authorities, such as Dubai’s VARA and Abu Dhabi’s ADGM.However, Chainalysis data reveals that Saudi crypto activity is steadily gaining ground, experiencing the most significant year-on-year growth (12%) to June 2023. Additionally, the country’s Vision 2030 initiative involves efforts to diversify its economy. With that, blockchain and Web3 are being embraced.TokenizationWhile lacking a formal crypto regulatory regime, recent reports suggest that Saudi regulators are warming up to the idea, indicating a shift in approach. A recent collaboration has emerged between the central banks of Saudi Arabia and Hong Kong which will explore tokenization and payments infrastructure.It is noteworthy that both SBI and Aramco explicitly referred to “digital assets” in their collaboration, avoiding the mention of cryptocurrencies. This emphasis raises the possibility that the focus might extend to tokenization, an area where SBI has a robust presence, notably through the establishment of the Osaka Digital Exchange (ODX), set to commence trading tokenized securities later this month.As part of its digital asset investments, Saudi Aramco has previously engaged in blockchain initiatives, including investments in VAKT, a post-trade solution for the oil sector. Additionally last year Aramco invested in blockchain startup Data Gumbo, which utilizes blockchain in order to bring about operational efficiencies. The collaboration extends to the approval of electronic bill of lading (eBL) providers like TradeGo.In February, Aramco signed an agreement with droppGroup to build out a range of Web3 technologies. Furthermore, Aramco’s investments in companies like Red Date Technologies and IR4LAB underscore its interest in developing blockchain-based services, including document and supply chain solutions.

No Turkish Delight for Crypto Exchange CEO Sentenced to 11,196 YearsIn a landmark ruling, Faruk Fatih Ozer, the 29-year-old Turkish Founder and CEO of defunct Turkish crypto exchange Thodex, has been sentenced to 11,196 years in prison for orchestrating a massive fraud that left investors out of pocket.Photo by engin akyurt on UnsplashExtradited from AlbaniaBloomberg reported on Friday that Ozer, the mastermind behind the Thodex exchange, fled to Albania in 2021, vanishing along with millions of dollars in investor assets as the exchange suddenly crumbled.His arrest in Albania on an Interpol warrant marked the beginning of a lengthy legal battle. Having spent months on the run, he was finally extradited back to Turkey in June, where he faced charges of money laundering, fraud, and organized crime. During the trial in Istanbul, Ozer defended himself, claiming that his actions did not demonstrate criminal intent. He asserted:“I am smart enough to lead any institution on Earth.”“That is evident in this company I established at the age of 22. I wouldn’t have acted so amateurishly if this were a criminal organization,” he added. Nevertheless, the court found him guilty, along with his sister Serap and brother Guven, who faced the same charges.Lengthy jail termThe sentences handed down were notably long, with the defendants sentenced separately for multiple crimes against 2,027 victims. Following the abolition of the death penalty in 2004, lengthy prison sentences are quite common in Turkey.Prosecutors had initially sought a jaw-dropping 40,562-year prison sentence for Ozer, although the difference would have been purely symbolic when compared with the sentence which was ultimately handed down. The Thodex exchange, founded in 2017, quickly rose to prominence as one of Turkey’s largest cryptocurrency platforms.Ozer’s financial acumen earned him national recognition, and he even cultivated ties with influential pro-government figures. However, the sudden implosion of the Thodex exchange in April 2021 shook the cryptocurrency world. Investor assets vanished, and Ozer went into hiding.Reports initially indicated that Ozer had fled with assets worth $2 billion, but the prosecutor’s indictment put the total losses to Thodex investors at 356 million Turkish liras. The depreciation of the lira and rampant inflation since the exchange’s collapse means that this amount is now equivalent to around $13 million on the international markets.Lagging regulationThe Thodex case serves as a stark reminder of cryptocurrency market risks, given its immature state and the lag in regulators responding to the innovation in order to ensure a safe marketplace for investors.Despite this setback in the development of the crypto ecosystem within Turkey, interest in crypto is stronger than ever. A recent report produced by Seychelles-based crypto exchange KuCoin found that there has been a significant increase in crypto market participants in Turkey over the course of the past 18 months. It’s likely that runaway inflation of the Turkish lira is providing Turks with the motivation to investigate crypto as an alternative.

Newly founded bankruptcy claim trading platform OPNX has provided further details about the entities backing the fledgling startup. Taking to Twitter on Friday, Open Exchange CEO Leslie Lamb outlined a number of venture capital backers, with a mixture of international and Asia-centric firms among them. Global backersLamb’s tweet via the firm’s official Twitter account, together with a similar announcement published to the firm’s website, outlined AppWorks, a leading Taiwanese venture capital firm and startup accelerator, as an investor in the company. Other Asian backers include Hong Kong-based crypto fund, Token Bay Capital and the Hong Kong-based arm of one of China’s largest banks, China Merchant Bank International.With the firm based in Dubai, Middle-Eastern interest is represented through the involvement of Saudi digital asset fund, Tuwaiq Limited. Otherwise, the company lists a number of other international backers, including US equity options exchange MIAX Group, DeFi-focused venture and trading firm Nascent, top tier global venture capital firm Susquehanna and the investment arm of market maker and early stage investor, DRW. Questionable founding teamOnly hours after the disclosure by Open Exchange, DRW reached out to CoinDesk to confirm that it is not an investor in the bankruptcy claims exchange. Nascent and Susquehanna also denied that they are involved. The companies are still being listed by OPNX as backers of the project on its website.The launch of OPNX has been mired in controversy from the outset as its founding team includes the founders of the former crypto hedge fund Three Arrows Capital (3AC) which failed spectacularly in 2022. Su Zhu and Kyle Davies, the founders of 3AC are now the founders behind OPNX. Before their involvement, OPNX was preceded by Seychelles-based crypto yield platform CoinFLEX. That business also failed during the 2022 crypto bear market. It entered into a restructuring process with the consent of the courts in the Seychelles. Emerging from it is OPNX with the 3AC duo of Zhu and Davies having gotten involved at that point. Industry push-backMany in the crypto space have been highly critical of the development of OPNX on the basis of the involvement of both Zhu and Davies. The duo are being blamed for the collapse of the crypto hedge fund due to mismanagement and the knock on effects the firm’s demise had on other entities within crypto. Many of the series of crypto lenders who failed at a later stage in 2022 had major exposure to the wayward hedge fund.There had been some speculation as to who was backing the new project. Earlier this month, BitMEX co-founder and former CEO Arthur Hayes claimed that the 3AC duo had received substantial funding from Bahrain’s sovereign wealth fund to establish the project. In February, Hayes suggested that the crypto bull market must be starting based on news of Zhu and Davies wanting to launch the OPNX platform.Crypto-focused venture capitalist Michael Arrington also spoke out around that time, stating on Twitter, that 3AC founders successfully raising capital for their latest venture was “the saddest bulls**t I’ve heard in a long time.”Upon its launch earlier this month, industry commentators quickly declared the project a flop citing a trading volume of $13.64 on its first day of trading. Five days in, OPNX made light of the situation, declaring a win on the basis that it had progressed to $12,398 in trading volume, representing a 90,000% increase in trading.Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) issued an investor and marketplace alert on April 12 stating that while OPNX may be Dubai-based, it is not regulated by VARA and instead operates on an unregulated basis. It warned investors against using any unregulated crypto entity.