Hong Kong regulators signal embrace of spot crypto ETFs

Tether Critics Point to Previous Chinese Securities BackingUSDT stablecoin issuer Tether (USDT) has long faced persistent scrutiny and criticism due to the lack of transparency surrounding the assets backing their digital currencies. The latest allegations come in the form of a report by Bloomberg on Friday suggesting that the world’s largest stablecoin was once backed by securities issued by Chinese companies.Photo by Manuel Joseph on PexelsNYAG releases documentsThese findings were based on documents made public by the New York Attorney General (NY AG). The documents disclosed that Tether had listed securities issued by China’s state-owned Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, and Agricultural Bank of China as part of its reserves backing the USDT stablecoin.Rumors about USDT’s exposure to Chinese securities have circulated for a number of years. In 2021, a Bloomberg research report revealed that Tether’s reserves reportedly included billions of dollars in short-term loans to China-based companies, as well as a significant loan to the collapsed crypto lender Celsius Network.However, in February 2021, Tether reached a settlement with the NY AG’s office over accusations of providing misleading information about its reserves and losses. To address these concerns, Tether handed over documents such as letters, bank accounts, reserve holdings, and wallet addresses through the law firm Steptoe.Attestation reportTether’s latest attestation report for Q1 2023, released on May 10, offered further details about its reserves. According to the report, Tether’s reserves were valued at $81.8 billion at the end of the quarter, a significant increase from the earlier period of $14.8 billion. These reserves consisted of $53 billion in US Treasuries, $1.5 billion in Bitcoin, and $5.3 billion in loans described as “over-collateralized.”The disclosure of Tether’s previous backing by Chinese securities adds another layer of complexity to the stablecoin landscape, raising questions about the risk exposure and potential impact on the stability of these digital assets. Using Chinese commercial paper to back a US dollar stablecoin is a risky endeavor.It raises the same issues as we’ve seen with the plethora of crypto lenders that went bankrupt in 2022. In those cases, they were using customer money to speculate and turn a profit. That’s fine when it works but when it goes wrong, it is customers who suffer. In its defense, Tether has stated that it only held A1 rated banking sector Chinese commercial paper in 2022 in state-owned Chinese companies like Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd., China Construction Bank Corp., and Agricultural Bank of China Ltd. It reduced this exposure to zero later that year.With the cryptocurrency community and regulators seeking greater transparency and accountability, the industry is likely to face increased scrutiny and calls for enhanced regulations to ensure the integrity of stablecoin operations moving forward.As regulators continue to assess and navigate the evolving crypto market, it remains to be seen how the industry will address these concerns and establish clearer guidelines for stablecoin issuers to ensure the trust and confidence of market participants.

Global crypto exchange platform OKX has announced that it has relaunched its exchange services and Web3 wallet within the U.S. market. In a press release published on April 15, the company said that customers can now access the platform in the United States, “with existing customers migrating seamlessly and new customers gradually gaining access ahead of a full nationwide launch.”Photo by Danny Burke on UnsplashOnboarding OKCoin usersIn terms of existing customers, the company is referring to users of OKCoin, the former name of OKX, who will now be onboarded onto the newly launched OKX exchange service. The Seychelles-based company, which was originally founded and operated in China, has established its U.S. headquarters in San Jose, California. The company has appointed Roshan Robert, formerly an executive at Morgan Stanley and Barclays, as its U.S. CEO. Commenting on the U.S. market relaunch, Robert stated: "With the US advancing crypto regulatory clarity, we see tremendous opportunities to build trust and deliver secure, compliant digital asset solutions.” Inflection pointIn a blog post published to the firm’s website, Robert said that he had been watching the development of the industry since its earliest days, but that he thinks that the crypto sector has now reached “a critical inflection point.” He added that more so than ever before, the crypto sector is currently interacting more directly with traditional finance and capital markets.  Referring directly to what platform users can expect from the relaunched service in the U.S., the OKX U.S. CEO said that the firm plans on rolling out new features throughout the year as part of its vision to build a crypto super app. Rollout of the platform’s services in the U.S. will be carried out on a phased basis. The firm also intends to offer integrations with local banks, together with full support for major assets such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, USDC and USDT.The OKX Wallet will be made available to U.S. users, supporting a range of digital assets across 130 blockchain networks. The wallet will enable users to access a number of Web3 dApps, facilitate the movement of digital assets between blockchain networks and include a number of tools to assist platform users with their trading activities. Entering a ‘new era’It’s likely that a change towards a more positive outlook where the crypto sector is concerned at government and regulatory levels in the U.S., together with a settlement reached with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), has influenced OKX in relaunching its service stateside.  The DOJ had opened an investigation into the company on the basis of allegations that it was operating a money-transmitting business on an unlicensed basis. In its settlement, the company paid fines and penalties totaling $500 million. With that settlement behind it and a more enlightened climate for digital assets having emerged in the U.S., OKX described the service relaunch as “a new era for OKX in the U.S.”Yves La Rose, CEO of Web3 banking project, the Vaulta Foundation, said that OKX’s U.S. expansion is a signal, indicating that “a new era of compliant, wallet-led Web3 innovation is underway.” Diana Pires, an executive at crypto payments firm Beam, expressed a similar take, stating on X that OKX was relaunching “because the world’s largest economy is finally ready for crypto,” adding that “the floodgates are now open for international crypto companies.”

Chinese Fentanyl Producers Taking Payment in CryptoA report produced by blockchain analytics and crypto compliance solutions firm Elliptic has found that most Chinese suppliers of fentanyl precursors are accepting payments for the illicit material in cryptocurrency.In a blog post published on its website on Tuesday, Elliptic claimed that 90 percent of the 90 China-based firms, from which its researchers received offers of fentanyl precursors, accepted cryptocurrency as a form of payment. The majority of fentanyl which is trafficked into the United States is manufactured using imported fentanyl precursors like the material that the Elliptic researchers were offered.Seventeen of the suppliers even offered to provide fentanyl itself. Others still offered to supply synthetic opioids, equally or more potent than fentanyl, which are currently legal to both produce and supply within China.Photo by Hal Gatewood on UnsplashTracking blockchain transactionsIn tracing back transactions relative to these illicit suppliers, the Elliptic researchers’ analysis demonstrated that the digital asset wallets used by the rogue suppliers have received thousands of payments. The research team has estimated the net worth of those transactions to total $27 million.It appears that a move towards crypto payments is trending with this group of suppliers as there has been a 450% increase year-on-year when it comes to payments for fentanyl precursor using crypto.The study highlighted activity related to Dutch national Alex Peijnenburg. An alleged fentanyl supplier, Peijnenburg, made an $85,000 payment in crypto to one of the ninety fentanyl precursor suppliers identified by Elliptic researchers. In November of last year, the Dutchman was sanctioned by US authorities relative to his activities.Global trade and distributionThe report stated: “During our correspondence, the suppliers showed no concerns about how the chemical would be used, with some explaining that it was their best-selling product and could be used to produce fentanyl.”It went on to state that “others pointedly mentioned that they had sold it to customers in Mexico.” Mexico is a significant location in the global drugs trade, given the activity of drug cartels within the country. One supplier offered an insight to researchers as to the preferences of their nefarious Mexican clients, stating: “They always use USDT or Bitcoin to pay. It is no problem.”While it looks like these nefarious Chinese companies are able to trade into and out of crypto assets, that should be a difficulty for them as China banned the offering of crypto trading services going back a number of years already. Furthermore, foreign digital asset exchanges are prohibited from servicing the needs of Chinese clients where crypto is concerned.Elliptic’s research team uncovered that the majority of the illicit drugs trade suppliers have been using workarounds in order to gain access to overseas digital asset exchanges. The suppliers have used intermediaries in order to convert crypto into Chinese yuan.The report concludes that this part of the international fentanyl trade can be dealt with and “disrupted by the services that act as gateways into and out of crypto assets.” On arriving at that conclusion, Elliptic has acted by notifying the digital asset exchanges that these suppliers are using. “[We] have flagged hundreds of crypto addresses in our tools as being linked to this activity,” the report states.Crypto had infamously been associated with illicit activity on the dark web in its earliest years. It has moved well beyond that although due to its decentralized nature, it’s difficult, if not impossible, to control who utilizes decentralized digital currency.