Kazakhstan shuts out 980 non-compliant crypto exchanges in 2023

A couple of recent reports have revealed how North Korean hackers have been moving funds to a Cambodian crypto payments platform while further insight has come to light with regard to how these hackers are compromising crypto companies. Huoine PayOn July 15, Reuters reported that Cambodian currency exchange and payments firm Huione Pay had received in excess of $150,000 in digital currency from a wallet associated with notorious North Korean hacking group Lazarus. Analysis of blockchain data demonstrated that the funds had been received by the Phnom Penh-headquartered payments firm in June 2023 and February 2024. Photo by allPhoto Bangkok on Unsplash‘Pig butchering’It’s understood that Lazarus stole those digital assets from three crypto firms during the months of June and July of 2023. While Huione has suggested that it was oblivious to the origin of the funds, a blog article by blockchain analytics company Elliptic, published to its website on July 10, suggested that “Huione Guarantee is an online marketplace that has become widely used by scam operators in South East Asia.”  Elliptic went on to assert that some of these scammers employ “pig butchering” techniques, where fraudsters manipulate the victim into investing into fraudulent crypto schemes. It added that “merchants on the platform offer technology, data and money laundering services, and have engaged in transactions totaling at least $11 billion.” The National Bank of Cambodia explained to Reuters that the company is not permitted to trade crypto and that it "would not hesitate to impose any corrective measures" against Huione. The platform is believed to have strong ties to Cambodia’s ruling family. One of the firm’s three directors is understood to be a cousin of the Cambodian Prime Minister, Hun Manet. The Lazarus hacking group is believed to have masterminded a $305 million hack of Japanese cryptocurrency DMM Bitcoin in May of this year. Pseudonymous on-chain investigator ZachXBT claimed on X that $35 million of the proceeds had been laundered through the Huione platform. Compromising crypto businessesIn a related development, a report by DL News published on July 15 has found that North Korean hackers are employing a new tactic in order to compromise crypto businesses. The hackers are scanning the internet for job postings advertised by the companies they’re targeting and submitting bogus applications. A report by the United Nations Security Council has revealed that in excess of 4,000 North Koreans have taken up employment with international technology firms. Part of the social engineering-based tactics employed by the hackers includes contriving to get employees within targeted companies to install malware.  Oftentimes, the resumes and LinkedIn profiles of real people are used in order to find a way in via the recruitment process. A report by DeFiLlama suggests that $664 million has been lost via instances of crypto hacking within the first half of 2024. 

Taiwan police uncover $320M crypto money laundering operationTaiwan police have recently exposed the largest cryptocurrency money laundering case in the nation’s history, involving 320 million USDT (approximately 10.5 billion New Taiwan dollars).Photo by DrawKit Illustrations on UnsplashCross-border laundering operationIt emerged on Tuesday that the Electronic Investigation Team of the Criminal Bureau initiated their probe after uncovering a fraudulent scheme related to a counterfeit Taishin Securities mobile software last year. This led them to a merchant with the surname Qiu, the alleged mastermind behind this operation who was suspected of laundering substantial sums through virtual currency.Qiu is believed to have maintained connections with overseas gambling and fraud groups, engaging in cross-border communication with illicit organizations in countries including Hong Kong, Malaysia and the Philippines.Their investigation revealed that Qiu had been conducting transactions involving 320 million Tether US dollar stablecoins since February of the previous year. In June, law enforcement apprehended Qiu during one of his visits to Taiwan, along with four alleged accomplices.High value goodsDuring the operation, authorities seized high-value assets from Qiu, including a Lamborghini Urus, a Lexus LM and three Audemars Piguet watches, with a combined market value exceeding TWD 13 million. The lavish lifestyle maintained by Qiu, evident from his luxury cars and high-end watches, serves as a stark reminder of the extensive underground economy driven by money laundering.Evidence from the operation suggested Qiu’s involvement in handling illicitly obtained Tether coins worth approximately TWD 70 million. Further investigations uncovered that Qiu regularly sold virtual currency and converted it into cash to effectively obscure the money’s origins, accomplishing the goal of laundering.In piecing the activities of the group together, police determined that victims were instructed to transfer their funds to fictitious accounts. In that way, the money found its way to crypto exchanges and individual crypto traders under the direction and control of the group.Qiu would also retain a 1% profit margin from the laundered amount. Several other individuals were implicated in this extensive operation, including a foreign affairs officer named Liao and two other individuals named Chen and Huang. Each of these individuals is presently under investigation, with varying levels of bail and restrictions imposed.The intricate web of transactions and the substantial amount laundered by Qiu have surpassed previous records held by the Electronic Investigation Team. As investigations continue, law enforcement is determined to uncover the full extent of this operation and trace the entirety of the money flow.Taiwan’s legislators are currently working on producing a regulatory framework for crypto in the country. The only regulatory aspect that is covered right now is oversight relative to anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) regulation. In 2018 Yang Chin-long, Taiwan’s central bank Governor, called for a need to regulate crypto on the basis of existing AML rules, with the authorities subsequently following through on that measure.In July 2022, the country’s Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) penned a letter to the banking sector, banning the purchase of digital assets via credit cards.

Rather than restrict or ban crypto, the Iranian government appears to have taken on a more positive approach, moving towards embracing the new asset class and regulating it.Photo by Lara Jameson on PexelsRegulatory frameworkOn Dec. 7, Iran’s Nour News Agency reported Minister of Economic Affairs and Finance Abdolnaser Hemmati as saying that Iran is moving towards managing and eliminating the adverse effects of digital currency on the economy and instead harnessing its positive effects, with a regulatory framework being brought in to ensure that positive outcome. Hemmati went on to confirm that digital money falls under the oversight of Iran’s central bank. The minister stated that he hopes that cryptocurrencies would be developed with the objective of boosting youth employment levels and boosting economic assets held within the Islamic Republic of Iran, while helping to nullify sanctions and aligning Iran’s activities in this respect with the global economy. Circumventing sanctionsThe United States first imposed sanctions against Iran in 1979. The Islamic Republic had been the most sanctioned country in the world up until February 2022 when Russia surpassed Iran due to Western opposition to Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine. Sanctions were lifted in 2016 as part of a deal on the limiting of Iran’s nuclear program. That deal was scrapped during U.S. President-elect Donald Trump’s first term in office, with the latest sanctions imposed on entities involved in the transportation of Iranian oil last week. At a BRICS summit held in Kazan, Russia in October, Russia added cryptocurrency to the agenda with a view towards discussing with Iranian and other BRICS country representatives its potential use to bypass sanctions. In July the Bank of Russia set out a recommendation to Russian businesses to use crypto in order to reduce the impact of Western sanctions. Up to $50B in crypto held by IraniansA subsequent report from Nour News Agency on Dec. 8 had good news for Hemmati relative to his aspiration to boost economic assets held within Iran. The report cited Iranian economist Sadegh Alhosseini, who claims that crypto assets to the value of between $30 billion to $50 billion are controlled by Iranians.  The economist provided the estimate after Iranian finance ministry and Central Bank of Iran (CBI) officials outlined that they are looking to make the crypto market in Iran more transparent. If Alhosseini’s estimate is accurate, it would mean that Iranians hold crypto assets to the equivalent value of one-third of the entire gold market in Iran. Alhosseini outlined these findings within a report published by the CBI which provided a summary of proposed upcoming policies relative to cryptocurrencies. The main objective of these proposed policies is to aid crypto traders to remain compliant with anti-money laundering (AML) regulations and local taxation requirements. The CBI has also been working towards launching the digital rial, a central bank digital currency (CBDC). The CBDC project has been running since 2018 and relies upon Hyperledger Fabric, an enterprise blockchain framework that was originally developed by the Linux Foundation. Having been locked out of the SWIFT financial messaging network, Iran has launched ACUMER as an alternative which it hopes to use for trade purposes with Asian partners. Direct payments between Russian and Iranian banking systems have also been enabled.