Arthur Hayes: Chinese monetary policy could ignite crypto market

Bitget invests in Morph layer 2 networkBitget, the Seychelles-incorporated crypto derivatives exchange, has injected a multi-million dollar investment into Morph, a Layer 2 blockchain that puts consumer experience at the forefront.Photo by Shubham Dhage on UnsplashCombining zero knowledge and optimistic rollupsThe collaboration, unveiled on Monday, signals a significant stride toward cultivating a novel, value-driven decentralized application (dApp) ecosystem. Morph, formerly known as Morphism, has garnered attention for its unique use of roll-up technology. By seamlessly blending optimistic and zero-knowledge (ZK) roll-ups, Morph aims to revolutionize scalability, reduce cost barriers, expedite dispute resolutions and ensure secure and adaptable transactions.The project’s modular framework allows individual components of the ecosystem to evolve independently, staying abreast of rapid innovations in consumer applications.Combating MEVA distinctive feature of Morph’s design is the Decentralized Sequencer Network, a mechanism that ensures swift and cost-effective Layer 2 transactions. This challenges the dominance of maximal extractable value (MEV) and eradicates central points of control. MEV involves the maximum amount of value that can be extracted from a block on a blockchain network. It may be manipulated through the ordering and sequencing of transactions on the chain.Technological innovation is not the sole objective of the Morph development team. Their ambition extends to creating a space where dApps seamlessly integrate into users’ daily lives, delivering tangible value. This consumer-centric approach prioritizes user experience through easy onboarding processes and intuitive interfaces. The network is attractive to developers due to lower cost barriers and accelerated dispute resolution.Gracy Chen, Managing Director of Bitget, underscored the significance of the collaboration, praising Morph’s exceptional team, multicultural approach and strategic capabilities. Chen notes that Morph’s emphasis on a decentralized and consumer-centric approach aligns seamlessly with Bitget’s vision. This partnership, she believes, has the potential to transform the blockchain space, making the technology more accessible for everyday use and unlocking widespread consumer adoption.Cecilia Hsueh, Co-Founder and CEO of Morph, expressed gratitude for Bitget’s support, emphasizing that the recent capital infusion underscores confidence in Morph’s unique value proposition, setting the stage for an upcoming seed funding round. The strategic alliance with Bitget provides Morph with a robust platform for growth, tapping into Bitget’s expansive user base of 20 million exchange users and 12 million Bitget Wallet users. Notably, Morph had previously entered into a strategic alliance with Foresight Ventures, a crypto fund based in Singapore.Looking ahead, Morph is gearing up for significant milestones as it develops further. The project plans to intensify the refinement of its technical framework and broader ecosystem in the coming months. Notably, Morph is slated to launch its public testnet in January 2024, followed by the beta mainnet of its Optimistic zkEVM, which is scheduled for Q2 2024.As Bitget continues to forge ties with up-and-coming Web3 entities, this collaboration with Morph has the potential to propel the project towards its strategic goals but also sets the stage for a transformative shift in the landscape of Layer 2 solutions.

The recent 19b-4 approval of spot Ethereum exchange-traded funds (ETFs) by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is putting pressure on South Korean financial regulators to revisit their policies on digital assets. The SEC's decision to allow ETFs for Ethereum, the world's second-largest cryptocurrency, on May 24, 2024, follows its earlier endorsement of Bitcoin ETFs in January 2024. This move is seen as a significant step in merging traditional finance with the digital asset sector.Photo by DrawKit Illustrations on UnsplashKorean regulatory cautionIn contrast to the progressive stance in the U.S., the Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC) and the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) have maintained a cautious approach regarding the integration of crypto assets into traditional securities markets. According to current regulations under the Capital Markets Act, ETFs in Korea are limited to traditional underlying assets such as financial instruments, securities, international currencies and commodities. These foundations are crucial for the creation of financial derivatives, leaving little room for digital assets under current laws. Calls for regulatory reforms and market implicationsThe decision by the SEC is expected to influence the Korean regulators to update their views on digital assets, according to local media and industry experts. Jung Eui-jung, the head of the Korean Stockholders’ Alliance, has advocated for Korea to emulate the U.S. by approving Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs. He expressed concerns that continued regulatory hesitance could lead to investor funds migrating to more progressive markets like the U.S., potentially positioning the U.S. to broaden its crypto market further. Xangle, a digital currency data provider in Seoul, has also criticized the current regulations as outdated, emphasizing the need for revisions to accommodate the increasing relevance of digital assets in global finance. 

BOK Staffers Assess Crypto Market Vulnerabilities and Their ImplicationsOn Thursday, the Bank of Korea’s (BOK) staff members published an assessment of the vulnerabilities in the cryptocurrency market and their potential implications. Here is the summary of the report.Photo by D Tan on Unsplash2022 crypto winterThroughout 2022, the worldwide crypto market faced a series of adverse occurrences, such as significant drops in the prices of major crypto-assets and the collapse of prominent crypto companies. These events shed light on the vulnerabilities that had accumulated during the rapid growth of the market.The first major event occurred in May 2022 when the algorithmic stablecoin TerraUSD experienced a sharp decline, resulting in substantial losses and bankruptcies for numerous retail investors and crypto firms. This incident significantly eroded confidence in the overall crypto market. The subsequent bankruptcies of prominent crypto lender Celsius and hedge fund Three Arrows Capital (3AC) further highlighted the realization of risks commonly associated with traditional financial markets, such as multiple collateral loans and maturity and liquidity mismatches, within the crypto market.In November 2022, the well-known crypto exchange FTX filed for bankruptcy, demonstrating that the activities of a large crypto company can propagate risks through moral hazard and excessive profit-seeking behavior when it operates outside the realm of regulatory oversight.Similarities with TradFiThese negative events that unfolded in the global crypto market in 2022 share similarities with issues previously observed in financial markets, such as unsustainable business models, liquidity risk, leverage, and lack of transparency in financial conditions. These parallels suggest that if the crypto markets were subjected to comparable levels of regulation as traditional financial markets, it is plausible that the triggering of these risks could have been avoided altogether, or at the very least, the resulting damage could have been mitigated to some extent.Implications for the Korean marketAt present, it is deemed unlikely that events akin to those witnessed in overseas crypto markets will transpire in the Korean market. The Korean crypto-asset market has primarily evolved through exchanges, with limited influence from other enterprises such as crypto issuers and decentralized lending platforms. In addition, Korean crypto exchanges are subject to regulation under the Act on Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information. This mandates the separation of customer deposits from exchange assets and the strict management of custodial crypto-assets through secure wallets. Additionally, Korean exchanges are prohibited from listing their own tokens on their platforms.However, there remains a dearth of information regarding the business structures of crypto companies that offer services similar to those in the traditional financial industry. This lack of information poses challenges in accurately assessing risk and providing adequate investor protection. Meanwhile, there is a potential for a deeper integration between the crypto market and users’ daily lives, particularly through major technology companies, gaming companies, and security tokens.SuggestionsIt is vital to ensure that crypto-assets are regulated based on the principle of “same activity, same risk, same regulation” through the ongoing development of crypto-asset-related legislation. The Financial Stability Board, an international body monitoring the global financial system, explained this principle in a 2022 paper: “Where crypto-assets and intermediaries perform an equivalent economic function to one performed by instruments and intermediaries of the traditional financial sector, they should be subject to equivalent regulation.”Additionally, it is necessary to stay aligned with major countries in terms of the speed and comprehensiveness of regulatory measures to prevent regulatory discrepancies across borders due to the global nature of crypto risks.Enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of regulation requires the establishment and maintenance of a close cooperation system between authorities. This collaborative effort should encompass various aspects, including monitoring, information gathering, and supervision of the crypto-asset market. Notably, the widespread adoption of stablecoins can affect the stability of the overall financial system, including monetary systems and payment and settlement systems. Hence, it is necessary to strengthen the involvement of central banks in the monitoring and supervision framework for crypto-assets, including stablecoins, as demonstrated by legislative approaches adopted by major economies like the EU. Furthermore, imposing disclosure requirements, external audits, and documentation submission obligations on crypto-asset operators is advisable.