Mixed opinions on crypto as investment instruments revealed in Korean surveys

Turkey crafts new crypto regulations with FATF grey list removal objectiveIn an effort to secure removal from the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) “grey list,” Turkey is in the process of crafting new regulations governing crypto assets.The FATF, established by the Group of Seven (G7) advanced economies, serves as a guardian of the international financial system. It’s an international organization dedicated to combating financial crimes, which added Turkey to its “grey list” in 2021. In 2019, it cautioned Turkey about significant deficiencies in procedures for freezing assets linked to terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.Photo by Michael Jerrard on UnsplashCrypto compliance for FATF upgradeTurkish Finance Minister Mehmet Simsek recently discussed this matter with a parliamentary commission, according to a report published by Reuters. Simsek highlighted the FATF’s evaluation of Turkey’s adherence to 39 out of the 40 standards set by the organization. The single outstanding issue pertains to crypto assets, and Simsek revealed plans to introduce a crypto assets law in parliament to address this concern. However, he did not delve into specific legal changes.The Turkish government is taking action to align with international standards and remove the shadow of the “grey list.” The Turkish Presidential Annual Program for 2024, as published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey on October 25, outlines a commitment to establish comprehensive cryptocurrency regulations in the country by the end of 2024. Within the extensive 500-page document, Article 400.5 sets the goal of providing clear definitions for crypto assets, potentially subjecting them to taxation in the future.Additionally, the document seeks to establish legal definitions for crypto asset providers, including cryptocurrency exchanges. However, it refrains from specifying the finer details of the upcoming regulatory framework.Crypto popularityTurkey has been an outlier in terms of cryptocurrency use by comparison with many of its international peers. A report by KuCoin earlier this year validated that reality, indicating a significant increase in the number of crypto investors in Turkey over the course of the previous 18 months. In the aftermath of a devastating earthquake which hit the country on Feb. 6, crypto was reported to have been used as a means to get aid to those affected quickly and easily.However, developments in the crypto space have also included difficulties. It was reported in July that the use of crypto for the earthquake relief effort in Turkey was also being used as a cover by an affiliate of the terrorist group ISIS to launder money and receive funding. Turkish users of the Thodex crypto exchange platform were the victims of fraud in 2021, with the founders of that business having been sentenced for that fraud in September. In 2021 the country moved to ban crypto payments against a background that has seen the Turkish lira experience hyper-inflation.CBDC developmentTurkey’s central bank has been making strides in the digital currency arena, successfully conducting the initial trial of its central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital lira, by December 2022. The central bank has expressed its intention to continue testing and exploring digital currency development throughout 2024.The move to enhance regulation and compliance in the crypto sector in Turkey aligns with global efforts to ensure transparency and accountability in financial systems.

Korea unveils detailed plan for retail CBDC transaction pilot with 100K participantsThe Bank of Korea (BOK), Financial Services Commission (FSC) and Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) jointly announced on Thursday (local time) their comprehensive plan to pilot a central bank digital currency (CBDC). This pilot program will concentrate on two key areas: retail transactions and technical experiments within simulated environments.For the retail transaction aspect, the test aims to give citizens direct experience in using the new digital currency, helping them understand its advantages. This practical approach will promote public familiarity with the CBDC.In terms of technical experiments, these will be conducted in partnership with various banks. The goal is to explore and develop methods for constructing a financial market infrastructure suitable for the future, leveraging the capabilities of the digital currency.Photo by Terrence Low on UnsplashRetail CBDC test to commence in Q4 2024The initiative to examine retail transactions using a CBDC is scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter of 2024. This test will focus on improving how vouchers work. Currently, the use of vouchers faces several challenges, such as high fees, complex and slow settlement procedures and the risk of fraudulent transactions. CBDC-based deposit tokens programmed with the digital voucher functionality could help solve these problems. The exploration of digital vouchers within the realm of CBDCs is not just a concern in Korea but also a topic of global interest.Banks that will participate in the CBDC retail transaction test are to be selected by the end of the third quarter of next year, following necessary procedures such as the financial regulatory sandbox policy. These selected banks will receive the green light to issue deposit tokens within this regulatory sandbox framework. They’ll be in charge of recruiting and managing test participants, which includes both individuals and merchants. Additionally, these banks will be responsible for developing digital wallets for users and handling payment transactions. On the other hand, any bank interested in joining technical experiments in simulated environments may apply to do so until mid-December this year.Citizens who want to take part in the retail transaction test for the CBDC can apply through the banks involved in the test. However, it’s important to note that since this CBDC utilization test is a limited trial, the number of participants will be limited to a maximum of 100,000.The retail transaction test for the CBDC will involve three stages: issuance, distribution and payment. Initially, banks will issue deposit tokens with digital voucher functions upon request. Users will then use these tokens to buy goods from merchants, with the transactions being settled accordingly. Before starting, the BOK, FSC and FSS will propose pilot tasks to the banks, following consultations with relevant agencies and the review of pertinent laws. Banks will also propose tasks related to the voucher function. During the test, these tokens will be used solely for digital voucher transactions, and peer-to-peer transfers won’t be allowed.Simulated environment experiments: three use casesFor technical experiments within simulated environments, the financial authorities have selected three use cases focused on examining the technical feasibility of new types of financial instruments.The first objective is to collaborate with Korea Exchange, the only securities exchange operator in the country, to connect the CBDC system with a carbon credit trading simulation platform. This platform will be based on an external distributed ledger. The key objective here is to assess if the “delivery versus payment” (DvP) mechanism between carbon credits and special payment tokens can function smoothly. DvP is a settlement method that ensures the transfer of securities occurs only after the corresponding payment is made.The second objective will see collaboration with the Korea Financial Telecommunications and Clearings Institute (KFTC). In this scenario, a hypothetical issuer will release tokenized assets to the public through a public offering. To manage this, deposit tokens that match the subscription amount by investors will be temporarily frozen, preventing them from being liquidated. After the final allocation of these tokenized assets is determined, the system, using smart contracts, will automatically transfer funds equivalent only to the allocated tokenized assets.The last objective revolves around advancing the concept of a unified ledger introduced by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). In this endeavor, the BOK aims to issue digital demo securities within the CBDC system. Following this, an experiment will be conducted where financial institutions will have the opportunity to trade these digital securities using the institutional CBDC. This trading will be executed using the DvP method.

Binance Takes P2P Service Measures in Response to Sanctioned Russian BanksGlobal crypto exchange Binance has removed the option for users to conduct transactions via sanctioned Russian banks on its peer-to-peer (P2P) platform, a decision that comes on the heels of a Wall Street Journal exposé published earlier this week, shedding light on the platform’s involvement in facilitating the movement of funds for Russian users.Previously, Binance’s peer-to-peer service featured five Russian banks under sanctions as a method for ruble transfers between users. However, the company swiftly acted to address potential compliance concerns. Fittingly, this latest news was also broken by the Wall Street Journal on Friday.Dmitry Sidorov on PexelsSailing too close to the windWhen approached regarding the omission of these banks, a Binance spokesperson stated: “We regularly update our systems to ensure compliance with local and global regulatory standards. When gaps are pointed out to us, we seek to address and remediate them as soon as possible.”The Wall Street Journal’s article outlined how Binance’s peer-to-peer platform facilitated ruble-to-crypto trades that frequently involved the sanctioned Russian banks, with Rosbank and Tinkoff Bank being prominent examples.These trades often utilized layers of intermediaries to convert funds from these banks into Binance balances, as detailed by various company resources, user screenshots, and messages in official chat groups. Despite these revelations, Binance’s exchange had continued to handle significant volumes of ruble trading, according to data compiled by digital asset research firm CCData.US DoJ probeBinance’s activities in Russia could potentially contribute to its ongoing legal challenges in the United States. The US Justice Department (DoJ) has been probing the company’s actions for potential violations of American sanctions on Russia. In response to such concerns, the Binance spokesperson emphasized:“Binance aims to diligently comply with the global sanctions rules and enforces sanctions on people, organizations, entities, and countries that have been blacklisted by the international community, denying such actors access to the Binance platform.”WorkaroundsTraders, however, had reportedly found workarounds to the bank removals, as observed in the official Telegram chat group for Russian clients. Many shared that they could still engage with sanctioned banks by selecting alternative payment methods and then manually inputting their Rosbank or Tinkoff bank details.Earlier this year, an investigative report by CNBC alleged that employees of the company had told it that Binance staff regularly helped Chinese customers to bypass Know Your Customer (KYC) controls in order to access the platform. More recently, another report, once again by the Wall Street Journal, found that business in China was booming, which surprised many given that China banned crypto trading within the country in 2021.It’s apparent that the company is reacting to regulatory and legal pressures in taking the decision to make these changes to its P2P service. Perennial crypto critic US Senator Elizabeth Warren took to X (formerly Twitter) on Friday, stating:“I rang the alarm about sanctions evasion by Russia using the crypto platform Binance — and urged [the DoJ] to investigate potentially false statements it made to Congress. We need stronger crypto regulations to rein in illicit finance.“