China advances digital yuan adoption in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong

Dunamu, the operator of South Korea’s largest crypto exchange, Upbit, secured approval to renew its registration as a virtual asset service provider (VASP), ending 16 months of regulatory limbo that had clouded the domestic market.Photo by Daniel Bernard on UnsplashAccording to Newsis, the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) under the Financial Services Commission (FSC) granted the approval on Dec. 23. Industry participants view the decision as a stabilizing signal for the sector amid the country’s evolving crypto regulations. Under South Korean law, VASPs must renew their licenses every three years. Dunamu submitted its application by the statutory deadline of Aug. 21, 2024, but the review faced prolonged delays due to FIU staffing shortages and overlapping sanctions proceedings. Regulators had flagged Dunamu for alleged violations regarding customer due diligence and transaction restrictions, resulting in a 35.2 billion won ($24.4 million) fine. Prior to the fine, the FIU issued a disciplinary warning to Dunamu’s chief executive and ordered a three-month partial suspension of operations. Dunamu is currently contesting the suspension and warnings in court, with a fourth hearing scheduled for February 2026. Despite the ongoing litigation, the company stated it has addressed all regulatory issues and implemented measures to prevent recurrence. Market clarity fuels expansion, IPO ambitionsWith uncertainty surrounding the market leader resolved, observers expect other exchanges to feel emboldened to pursue expansion, including new business launches and potential initial public offerings (IPOs). Bithumb, the country’s second-largest exchange, is weighing a public listing as early as next year. Securing license renewal would bolster market confidence and expand the company’s strategic flexibility. Other major platforms, including Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax, filed renewal applications late last year. Each faces sanctions proceedings for alleged legal violations, leaving the market closely watching for FIU rulings. Exchanges recruit ex-regulatorsWith regulatory scrutiny remaining a constant challenge, South Korean exchanges are increasingly recruiting former senior financial regulators to navigate the legal landscape. Citing data from the FSC and the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS), Segye Ilbo reported that the flow of senior officials into the crypto sector has accelerated. Between January and November, eight former FSS officials at Grade 4 or above moved to crypto firms—well above the historical norm of one or two annually. Over the past two years, 16 former FSS officials have moved into the crypto industry, with nine joining Dunamu and seven moving to Bithumb. Industry insiders link the trend to the enforcement of the Virtual Asset User Protection Act in July 2024, which brought the sector under a formal regulatory framework. Exchanges are seeking the expertise of retired regulators to manage legal risk and strengthen government relations, particularly ahead of planned phase-two legislation focused on stablecoins. TradFi enters as systemic risks watchedAs digital assets move within official regulatory boundaries, traditional financial institutions are accelerating their entry into the sector. On Dec. 26, Korea Investment & Securities signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Bithumb to collaborate on asset management services, Yonhap News reported. The partnership aims to combine the brokerage's equities expertise with the exchange's digital asset capabilities to offer tailored products. However, the deepening ties between crypto and traditional finance have drawn the central bank's attention. In a Financial Stability Report released Dec. 23, the Bank of Korea (BOK) noted that the correlation between Bitcoin and the S&P 500 has increased since 2020. The BOK attributed this to the introduction of crypto-related financial products, such as ETFs, and increased participation by institutional investors and publicly listed companies holding crypto. Spillover risks in South Korea remain contained given the limited level of corporate participation, despite the government’s move earlier this year to gradually permit corporate crypto holdings. However, the central bank warned that greater institutional participation enabled by regulatory easing could intensify risk transmission. The report underscored the need for safeguards to insulate Korean equities from crypto-market shocks. 

Seychelles-headquartered global crypto exchange KuCoin has announced the full launch of its affiliate in Thailand. KuCoin Thailand was first presented by KuCoin back in April. The affiliate company emerged through a rebranding of local digital asset exchange, ERX. The renamed entity continues to be operated by ERX Company Ltd., while benefiting as a KuCoin affiliate from its global market presence and global exchange infrastructure.Photo by Bradley Prentice on UnsplashERX platform users onboardedSince that initial announcement, the exchange has been operated by onboarding users on an invite-only basis. All of the original ERX platform users have been ported across to KuCoin Thailand. In a statement published to its website on June 13, KuCoin Thailand pointed out that it is moving on from that invite-only phase to fully launch the platform.  It asserted that the platform is fully licensed by Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and it has now proceeded to full launch with no further access restrictions. In tandem with the full public launch of the platform, the company indicated that it was running a special rewards initiative with a prize pool of one million Thai Baht ($30,845) and introducing a new brand mascot named “Kuku.” In a press release, KuCoin claimed that “this marks the first fully regulated local digital asset exchange under KuCoin's brand,” contributing towards the company’s goal “to build fast, secure, and user-friendly infrastructure for crypto users” globally. Strengthening KuCoin’s presence in Southeast AsiaKuCoin CEO BC Wong described the launch as “a significant milestone in [the company’s] global compliance journey.” He added: “From being the first global exchange to register with India's FIU to now launching the first local compliant platform in Thailand, this marks a significant step toward strengthening our presence in the fast-growing markets of South East Asia.” In discussion with Cointelegraph, the KuCoin CEO provided an insight into how the company is approaching global growth while focusing on local market considerations. He stated: “While KuCoin Global supports a wide range of products for international users, we plan to expand locally in line with regulations and market demand.” Wong confirmed that the newly branded entity facilitates crypto spot trading for its users, with Thai Baht-based on and off ramps. Regulator & police enforcementThailand’s SEC moved to block five cryptocurrency platforms from accessing investors resident in Thailand late last month. The exchanges, OKX, Bybit, CoinEx, XT.com and 1000X.Live, were deemed to have been offering their services in Thailand on an unlicensed and unauthorized basis. In addition to blocking access, criminal complaints have been filed against all five exchanges. Thai police have also been busy recently with crypto-related enforcement. Last month, a Vietnamese woman was arrested on the basis of her alleged involvement in a crypto-related scam that saw 2,600 victims lose a total of $300 million. On June 12, Bangkok-based news platform Khaosod English reported that a Chinese man had been arrested in connection with a $6 million Bitcoin fraud case.

The decision by U.S. regulators to approve spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in January appears to be having some knock-on effects, with the latest such response seeing the Thai authorities enable access to such products for institutional investors and ultra-high-net-worth individuals within Thailand.Photo by Karolina Grabowska on PexelsMeeting a growing demandAccording to a report in the Bangkok Post on March 12, Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has agreed that Thai asset management firms may manage and offer funds that incorporate investment in U.S. spot Bitcoin ETF products. The decision was arrived at following a recent SEC board meeting. The SEC's decision reflects a strategic response to the growing demand for digital asset exposure among institutional investors. It would appear that spot Bitcoin ETF approval in the United States has bolstered investor confidence in this investment instrument on an international basis. Urging cautionDespite the opportunities this presents for institutional investors, the SEC has emphasized caution, citing the high-risk nature of digital asset investments. SEC Secretary-General Pornanong Budsaratragoon verbalized that need for caution, stating: "Asset management firms asked the SEC for them to have exposure in digital assets, especially Bitcoin and spot Bitcoin ETFs, but we need to consider carefully whether to allow asset management firms to invest in digital assets directly due to the high risk.”It’s interesting to note that in an immediate response to the approval of these products in the United States in January, Thailand’s SEC clarified that it had no plans to allow asset management firms to launch similar products within Thailand. For the moment at least, it seems that demand will be satisfied by accessing products that have gained exposure to U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs instead. Retail investors excludedWhile this move expands the investment landscape for institutional players, retail investors in Thailand find themselves sidelined due to regulatory restrictions. The amended regulations primarily cater to accredited investors, leaving retail participation in spot Bitcoin ETFs out of reach. This exclusion contrasts with the popularity of retail crypto trading in Thailand, albeit within regulated boundaries. Recent government regulations have both facilitated and restricted certain crypto activities. Thailand's move aligns with broader trends in the cryptocurrency sector, with several countries, including South Korea and Hong Kong, exploring opportunities in the space. In Hong Kong, regulators are currently processing applications for Bitcoin ETFs, with several financial institutions expressing interest in introducing spot Bitcoin ETFs. Just like the Thai authorities, the governor of the Royal Bank of India (RBI) had also responded in the aftermath of product approval in the U.S. stating that he didn’t favor the approval of such products in India. Despite that, news emerged on March 11 that Indian crypto investment platform Mudrex is planning to meet demand by providing clients with access to these U.S. products. As institutional investors gear up to capitalize on this opportunity in Thailand, the regulatory framework surrounding digital assets will continue to shape market dynamics, both domestically and internationally.