Japan works towards clearing legislative path for CBDC

Korea unveils detailed plan for retail CBDC transaction pilot with 100K participantsThe Bank of Korea (BOK), Financial Services Commission (FSC) and Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) jointly announced on Thursday (local time) their comprehensive plan to pilot a central bank digital currency (CBDC). This pilot program will concentrate on two key areas: retail transactions and technical experiments within simulated environments.For the retail transaction aspect, the test aims to give citizens direct experience in using the new digital currency, helping them understand its advantages. This practical approach will promote public familiarity with the CBDC.In terms of technical experiments, these will be conducted in partnership with various banks. The goal is to explore and develop methods for constructing a financial market infrastructure suitable for the future, leveraging the capabilities of the digital currency.Photo by Terrence Low on UnsplashRetail CBDC test to commence in Q4 2024The initiative to examine retail transactions using a CBDC is scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter of 2024. This test will focus on improving how vouchers work. Currently, the use of vouchers faces several challenges, such as high fees, complex and slow settlement procedures and the risk of fraudulent transactions. CBDC-based deposit tokens programmed with the digital voucher functionality could help solve these problems. The exploration of digital vouchers within the realm of CBDCs is not just a concern in Korea but also a topic of global interest.Banks that will participate in the CBDC retail transaction test are to be selected by the end of the third quarter of next year, following necessary procedures such as the financial regulatory sandbox policy. These selected banks will receive the green light to issue deposit tokens within this regulatory sandbox framework. They’ll be in charge of recruiting and managing test participants, which includes both individuals and merchants. Additionally, these banks will be responsible for developing digital wallets for users and handling payment transactions. On the other hand, any bank interested in joining technical experiments in simulated environments may apply to do so until mid-December this year.Citizens who want to take part in the retail transaction test for the CBDC can apply through the banks involved in the test. However, it’s important to note that since this CBDC utilization test is a limited trial, the number of participants will be limited to a maximum of 100,000.The retail transaction test for the CBDC will involve three stages: issuance, distribution and payment. Initially, banks will issue deposit tokens with digital voucher functions upon request. Users will then use these tokens to buy goods from merchants, with the transactions being settled accordingly. Before starting, the BOK, FSC and FSS will propose pilot tasks to the banks, following consultations with relevant agencies and the review of pertinent laws. Banks will also propose tasks related to the voucher function. During the test, these tokens will be used solely for digital voucher transactions, and peer-to-peer transfers won’t be allowed.Simulated environment experiments: three use casesFor technical experiments within simulated environments, the financial authorities have selected three use cases focused on examining the technical feasibility of new types of financial instruments.The first objective is to collaborate with Korea Exchange, the only securities exchange operator in the country, to connect the CBDC system with a carbon credit trading simulation platform. This platform will be based on an external distributed ledger. The key objective here is to assess if the “delivery versus payment” (DvP) mechanism between carbon credits and special payment tokens can function smoothly. DvP is a settlement method that ensures the transfer of securities occurs only after the corresponding payment is made.The second objective will see collaboration with the Korea Financial Telecommunications and Clearings Institute (KFTC). In this scenario, a hypothetical issuer will release tokenized assets to the public through a public offering. To manage this, deposit tokens that match the subscription amount by investors will be temporarily frozen, preventing them from being liquidated. After the final allocation of these tokenized assets is determined, the system, using smart contracts, will automatically transfer funds equivalent only to the allocated tokenized assets.The last objective revolves around advancing the concept of a unified ledger introduced by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). In this endeavor, the BOK aims to issue digital demo securities within the CBDC system. Following this, an experiment will be conducted where financial institutions will have the opportunity to trade these digital securities using the institutional CBDC. This trading will be executed using the DvP method.

UAE’s Royal Office Visits Korea to Further Security Token Collaboration with AIITONEAIITONE, a Korea-based augmented reality firm specializing in security tokens, invited journalists to showcase its strategy to foster business collaborations between South Korea and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on the occasion of the Korean visit of the Private Office of His Highness Sheikh Ahmed Bin Faisal Al Qassimi.Photo by Ethan Brooke on UnsplashPrivate Office’s return visitThe Private Office is a Dubai-based corporate conglomerate that operates businesses in various areas including real estate, energy, and finance. This visit by the Private Office marks a return visit following AIITONE’s visit to the UAE in July.The conference took place at a hotel in Gangnam, Seoul, and was attended by Lee Jin-yeop, CEO of AIITONE; Bruce Jeong, Chairman of Middle East Investment; and H.H. Sheikh Ahmed Bin Faisal Al Qassimi.Security tokens, CBDCs, smart defenseChairman Jeong, leading AIITONE’s global initiatives, said that their primary endeavor is to set up a Korean branch of the Royal Office. This branch will function as an international business hub, facilitating collaborations across three key sectors: security tokens, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), and smart defense ventures.The event also featured presentations by AIITONE officials who introduced the company’s focus areas.Kang Man-soo, who leads AIITONE’s defense unit, highlighted the company’s technical expertise in maintenance training equipment, interactive electronic technical manuals, and integrated system support. He pointed out that AIITONE has been actively involved in the development of technical manuals and training simulators for various defense assets, including warships, guided weapons, and fighter aircraft. Kang emphasized that AIITONE’s strategic partnerships with Korean defense firms have propelled their engagement in initiatives aimed at exporting these products to countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Poland.Lee Joo-hyung, the head of AIITONE’s extended reality (XR) content division, revealed the company’s plan to create portable products that can replicate the physical sensations of the real world, including sensations like physical contact and heat. Additionally, Lee introduced MOUM, a metaverse platform that features blockchain-powered security functions and generative artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities.Park Sang-il, who is at the helm of the firm’s security token project, showcased AIITONE’s comprehensive security token platform, which enables users to both issue and distribute security tokens. Notably, the platform is compatible with hyperledgers Besu and Fabric.Since arriving in Korea last Wednesday, the Royal Office has met with representatives from Standard Chartered Bank Korea and lawyers from law firm Kim and Chang, as well as lawmaker Yang Hyang-ja. Additionally, the Royal Office made a visit to smart farms located in South Jeolla Province.H.H. Sheikh Al Qassimi expressed a high regard for South Korea, acknowledging its beautiful natural landscapes and significant economic development. He underlined that this visit serves as an opportunity for the Royal Office to strengthen cooperation between UAE companies and their Korean counterparts, further fostering economic exchanges between the two countries.

Bithumb records declining performance in Q3 amid market challenges and interest rate hikesBithumb Korea, the operator of the South Korean cryptocurrency exchange Bithumb, reported an on-year decline in performance compared to last year, driven by deteriorating market conditions. According to data from the Korean Financial Supervisory Service on Tuesday (local time), the exchange recorded a net loss of KRW 10.6 billion (approximately $8.1 million) and operating losses of KRW 650 million in Q3. Its revenue amounted to KRW 32.4 billion, a 53% decrease from the same period last year.Photo by Алекс Арцибашев on UnsplashFalling figuresBithumb had recorded KRW 28.8 billion and KRW 32.6 billion in operating and net profits, respectively, in Q3 last year, but both of these figures turned into a deficit for the same period this year.This worsened performance can be attributed to weakened investor sentiment amid the U.S. Federal Reserve’s ongoing interest rate hikes and a decrease in trading volumes.However, just last month, these conditions have begun drastically improving as excitement mounts for the potential approval of a spot bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF).Murky futureNevertheless, concerns about Bithumb’s profitability in Q4 are arising following the exchange’s zero trading fee policy that it implemented last month in a bid to regain its market share, especially because the primary source of revenue for crypto exchanges is trading fees. Bithumb had previously charged trading fees of between 0.04% and 0.25%.“We will do our best to enhance the competitiveness of our services to boost our market share,” Bithumb said. “At the same time, we will enhance the transparency of our operations through efforts such as our recent preparations for an initial public offering (IPO) and improvements in corporate governance.”The exchange’s upcoming IPO is part of efforts to be listed on Korea’s KOSDAQ stock exchange by 2025, which would make it the first virtual asset company to do so. It had previously considered preparing for an IPO in 2020 but suspended plans due to a lack of clear regulations for virtual assets. But with the upcoming Virtual Asset User Protection Bill set to take effect next July, Bithumb decided that the current regulatory landscape would be conducive to an IPO.Should it take effect, this IPO is also expected to pose a challenge to Upbit, which currently holds over 80% of the country’s market share. However, there is still a considerable amount of uncertainty shrouding this development, as financial authorities are maintaining a wary stance towards virtual assets.