Korea Customs Service to form task force to combat crypto-related crimes

Chinese Prosecutors Issue Warning on NFTsIn recent days, China’s top procuratorial agency, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate of China, issued a warning alongside some guidelines on non-fungible tokens (NFTs).The Supreme People’s Procuratorate is the highest office in China charged with the mandate of upholding legal integrity, safeguarding citizens’ rights, and where necessary, conducting criminal investigations. In a statement published on Monday, the agency set out an advisory, together with additional recommendations, pertaining to NFTs.Photo by Markus Winkler on PexelsNFT status in ChinaWhile all and sundry are aware of a multi-year crack-down by the Chinese authorities on crypto in recent times, exemplified by a ban on crypto trading and the operation of crypto mining facilities within the country’s borders, the status of NFTs has been discussed to a much lesser degree.NFTs remain legal within the country. When the crypto trading ban came into play in 2021, much of the local industry connected with that trading activity disappeared. However, in its place, a newly emergent trend came to the fore in the form of NFTs. With cryptocurrencies perceived as being high risk and sanctioned by the authorities, attention turned to NFTs and there has been a surge of adoption of the digital collectibles within China as a consequence.NFT risksThe procuratorial agency highlighted a number of attributes as well as risks in relation to NFTs in the report that it published. The agency finds the issue of ownership of NFTs as a troublesome one. It cites the fact that NFTs can be replicated and distributed at will on this basis as being particularly problematic. The legitimacy of the right source of the work itself is the decisive factor for the healthy and orderly development of digital works NFT transactions,” it states.It appears that the agency, like many in traditional professional circles before them, have a difficulty recognizing the model of asset ownership that NFTs incorporate. That ownership is not defined by civil law or in accordance with centralized systems but by simply the possession of the requisite private key pertaining to a given NFT within a decentralized system.Blockchain, not cryptoThe agency acknowledged that NFTs do present a novel application of blockchain technology. This is not surprising as while there might be an ongoing clampdown on decentralized cryptocurrencies in China, officials at a national level and in numerous instances within regional administrations, are demonstrating a strategy of leveraging blockchain technology for the betterment of the Chinese economy in the future.Public prosecutor Wang Xia-fen, one of the authors of the report, stated: “It’s widely recognized that digital collectibles have the potential to protect intellectual property rights, boost content creation and enrich the digital economy.” Wang encouraged public prosecutors to “find the distinction between real innovation and criminal activities” where NFTs are concerned.The upshot of its report though, is that the procuratorial agency is uncomfortable with the similarity of many of the attributes of NFTs when compared with decentralized cryptocurrencies. It issued a warning on that basis, emphasizing a need for risk assessment to be carried out and further consideration of the legal risks that are implicated.

The Japanese government is moving to modernize municipal finance through blockchain technology, though the timeline for much-anticipated cryptocurrency tax reforms appears to be drifting further into the future. Municipal bonds as security tokensAccording to a Dec. 23 Nikkei report cited by CoinDesk Japan, policymakers decided to begin preparing to issue local government bonds as security tokens. The government aims to submit the necessary legislation during the ordinary Diet session in 2026. Concrete measures, shaped by requests from local municipalities, are expected to be finalized ahead of next year. Advocates say that issuing bonds as blockchain-based security tokens would modernize local government finance by reducing friction in issuance and settlement and enabling real-time tracking of investor data.Photo by Luke Stackpoole on UnsplashCrypto tax reform seen as taking timeWhile the digitization of bonds progresses, the schedule for easing the tax burden on crypto investors is reportedly facing setbacks. CoinPost reported that, according to sources, the transition to a separate tax on crypto gains is now expected to take place in January 2028, a delay from the initially envisioned target of January 2027. The legislative groundwork is still slated for the 2026 Diet session, where amendments bringing crypto assets under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (FIEA) will be deliberated. However, the current cautious policy approach prioritizes investor protection and adjustments to the tax reporting framework, making a delay in implementation more likely. The proposed amendments address the steep tax liabilities currently faced by domestic investors. Under Japan’s current system, crypto gains are treated as miscellaneous income, taxed comprehensively with salary and other earnings at rates that can reach roughly 55% when including local taxes. The plan, which the ruling coalition has been coordinating, aims to align crypto taxation with that of stocks and forex trading. It would introduce a flat 20% separate tax rate and allow loss offsets and carryforwards of up to three years, bringing crypto closer to other financial assets. It would also ease tax filing by potentially adopting a framework similar to the designated accounts used in Japan’s securities market, reducing the reporting burden on digital asset investors. The slow pace of these regulatory changes has drawn criticism from the private sector. Tomoya Asakura, CEO of SBI Global Asset Management, a subsidiary of SBI Holdings, took to the social media platform X to voice concerns about the pace of reform. Asakura characterized the process as "extremely slow," warning that the lag places Japan behind jurisdictions such as the U.S., Asia, and the Middle East. He argued that continued delays would further impede domestic initiatives in Web3 and digital finance. Bybit to pull out next yearAmid this shifting regulatory landscape, foreign entities are adjusting their operations. Dubai-based crypto exchange Bybit, which is not registered with Japan’s Financial Services Agency, announced on Dec. 22 it will phase out services for Japanese users to remain compliant with local rules. The exchange has stopped onboarding Japanese residents or nationals since 12:00 p.m. UTC on Oct. 31, and accounts held by customers in Japan will be gradually restricted starting next year. 

Having made significant strides in undertaking testing of the digital yuan in recent times, Hong Kong is expanding its e-CNY pilot testing while at the same time crafting its own central bank digital currency (CBDC), dubbed the e-HKD.Photo by Simon Zhu on UnsplashIntegrating e-CNY with FPSDuring a recent budget speech Hong Kong’s Financial Secretary Paul Chan unveiled plans to empower Hong Kong residents to bolster their digital yuan wallets through the local “Faster Payment System” (FPS), marking another move forward in bolstering cross-border payment efficiency.FPS is a real-time payment settlement system which enables the user to complete payments across banks through the use of recipient mobile phone numbers and email addresses. The move dovetails with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority's (HKMA) successful completion of the inaugural phase of its e-HKD pilot, propelling it into the second phase. The e-HKD pilot is focusing on retail applications such as programmable payments, offline transactions and tokenized deposits. At the same time as the e-CNY garners momentum, the HKMA is progressing the e-HKD in terms of unlocking the full potential of CBDCs in everyday financial transactions. This consists of the exploration of retail applications in the initial phase, coupled with the transition towards more intricate functionalities in the subsequent phase, underscoring Hong Kong's intent towards driving ever greater CBDC innovation within the Chinese autonomous territory. Streamlining transactionsThe integration of the e-CNY with Hong Kong's FPS promises to streamline transactions and elevate the fluidity of cross-border payments between Hong Kong and mainland China. This initiative follows on from an announcement back in September of last year to expand the e-CNY pilot program in Hong Kong. Financial Secretary Paul Chan aims to forge a bridge between mainland China and international markets, potentially setting a global precedent for CBDC interoperability and utilization. Furthermore, Hong Kong's issuance of the world's premier multi-currency tokenized bond, followed by a subsequent batch of tokenized green bonds, signifies the city's leadership in fusing digital finance with sustainable investment strategies, drawing significant interest from global institutional investors. mBridge initiativeThe collaborative efforts of the HKMA with the Bank for International Settlements and other central banks on the mBridge CBDC project further demonstrate Hong Kong's proactive stance in shaping the trajectory of international finance. Last month, authorities in China outlined yet another initiative that is designed to bring about cross-border use of the e-CNY with Hong Kong. The mBridge initiative, a multi-CBDC platform to support cross-border payments is being harnessed to bring about greater trade using digital currency across various jurisdictions. The project involves the central banks of China, Hong Kong, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Thailand. This concerted endeavor, coupled with Hong Kong’s array of digital currency ventures, positions the city at the forefront of CBDC innovation. All of this development comes as China has established new milestones recently, with the completion of an international oil deal using the digital yuan together with similar deals involving gold and iron ore.