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Cronos Labs launches zkEVM chain testnetCronos Labs, the developer behind the Cronos blockchain ecosystem, is charting a new path in the blockchain space by launching a zkEVM chain.From Cosmos to EthereumThe Cronos zkEVM chain is being launched in the first instance as a test network. The layer-2 blockchain will rely upon ZK Stack, the software kit developed by Matter Labs. In this way, the project will be extending its scaling roadmap from Cosmos to Ethereum. As Matter Lab’s SVP of Business and Operations, Marco Cora put it:“When we introduced the ZK Stack, we opened up the door for anyone wanting to build on top of Ethereum to do so by deploying hyperchains. Whether you’re building a specialized Rollup or a general purpose one, hyperchains allow you to tap into Ethereum’s extensive userbase base and liquidity while preserving its robust security and decentralization.”The journey began with the creation of the first chain in the Cronos ecosystem — a Cosmos appchain developed in collaboration with Singapore-headquartered crypto platform Crypto.com and launched in 2021. Subsequently, Cronos introduced an EVM-compatible chain in 2022, built using the Cosmos SDK. Notably, these new endeavors complement, rather than replace, the earlier established chains.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashThe product of collaborative effortsA significant development in Cronos’ evolution is the introduction of zkEVM, a result of collaborative efforts involving Cronos Labs, Matter Labs and engineering teams from stakeholders Crypto.com and existing dApp developers. The zkEVM testnet is a breakthrough, utilizing Ethereum’s Sepolia testnet and incorporating zkSync’s open-source prover, Boojum — a STARK-based zero-knowledge proof system known for its efficiency in the layer-2 rollup space, with low hardware requirements and fees.The decision to launch a native Ethereum chain stemmed from challenges in bridging EVM chains and bridging between Cosmos and Ethereum, according to Ken Timsit, Managing Director at Cronos. Timsit emphasized the richness and robustness of the Ethereum developer ecosystem for building DeFi and NFT applications.Native account abstractionHyperchains within the ZK Stack share components, including a native bridge to the Ethereum mainnet and zkSync’s trustless bridging mechanism, ensuring assets remain secured by Ethereum. The implementation of zkSync’s native account abstraction allows transaction fee payments in various cryptocurrencies, including Cronos’ native token (CRO).Cronos’ zkEVM is anticipated to progress to the mainnet in the second quarter of 2024, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of hyperchains.The landscape of hyperchains is expanding, with projects like GRVT and Tradable utilizing the ZK Stack. GRVT, a derivatives exchange, and Tradable, a tech firm focused on bringing private credit on-chain, exemplify the diversity and specialization within this emerging sector. Tradable aims to establish an institutional-focused hyperchain, potentially forming a decentralized chain alongside other institutional partners.Matter Labs views the zkSync hyperchain as a superior option compared to app-specific chains in Cosmos, emphasizing the scalability and security benefits. Hyperchains, a potential alternative to private blockchain frameworks like Hyperledger or Corda, offer technical scalability with the benefits of Ethereum. However, practical scalability remains a challenge due to cost considerations and the social coordination problem.

Uzbekistan Revamps Crypto Mining with New Regulatory FrameworkUzbekistan is ushering in a reset on its approach to cryptocurrency mining with the implementation of a new regulatory framework by the central Asian country’s National Agency of Perspective Projects (NAPP).Photo by Farhodjon Chinberdiev on UnsplashFocusing on solar powerThese freshly endorsed rules were announced earlier this week. They establish stringent guidelines for cryptocurrency mining operations within the country, reserving mining exclusively for registered legal entities and mandating the use of solar power.Under the sweeping regulations, individual miners are barred from participating in cryptocurrency mining activities, a move aimed at bringing structure and oversight to the expanding crypto mining sector within Uzbekistan’s borders.A key feature of the framework is the requirement for cryptocurrency miners to harness electricity generated by solar photovoltaic means. This environmentally conscious approach mirrors global endeavors to promote sustainability and clean energy sources in the crypto mining sector. Miners are also permitted to connect to the national electrical power grid, but only under specific conditions as outlined in the legislation.Safeguarding the power gridIn this respect, Uzbekistan is likely to be learning from the experiences of its northern neighbor, Kazakhstan. Following a ban on crypto mining in China in 2021, Kazakhstan suddenly became the second largest global center for Bitcoin mining. Unprepared for this eventuality, this mining activity caused major problems for the country’s power grid, resulting in blackouts and unrest.The NAPP underscores the necessity for mining operations and service providers to adhere to these newly established rules. To engage in cryptocurrency mining legally, entities must secure the requisite permits and licenses. These permits, valid for five years, come with strict reporting obligations, ensuring transparency and regulatory compliance.Moreover, cryptocurrency miners must prioritize the technical integrity of their electrical supply systems, emphasizing safety and reliability to prevent electrical accidents and maintain secure operating environments.In a bid to nurture a controlled and regulated cryptocurrency ecosystem, Uzbekistan’s crypto watchdog has already issued licenses to several entities, including a cryptocurrency exchange, a crypto depository, and ten other crypto trading platforms. Encouragingly, discussions have taken place with global exchanges like Binance, Huobi, and Bybit, signaling Uzbekistan’s ambitions to establish itself as a cryptocurrency hub.Ban on individual minersThe NAPP’s latest framework also outlaws the mining of anonymous cryptocurrencies designed to enhance transaction privacy, such as Monero (XMR). This measure aligns with international efforts to combat illicit activities linked to anonymous digital currencies.It’s worth noting that these new regulations represent the latest in a series of decrees by the Uzbek government, reiterating the ban on individual miners and the use of cryptocurrencies for domestic payments. Consequently, the full impact of these recent regulations on the nation’s cryptocurrency mining landscape remains to be seen.Uzbekistan’s decision to confine cryptocurrency mining to legal entities employing solar power reflects a growing understanding of the opportunity the activity provides to effectively exploit excess renewable power. In July, the President of eastern neighbor Kyrgyzstan put forward an ambitious project to use crypto mining to exploit the country’s hydro-electric power resources.

Tether, the company behind USDT, the popular dollar-backed stablecoin, is seeking to establish a presence in South Korea through remote hiring, according to a report from Maeil Business Newspaper citing industry sources.Photo by DrawKit Illustrations on UnsplashRather than opening a physical office, Tether is looking for a remote employee who will focus on increasing USDT adoption in Korea, exploring business opportunities, building partnerships and navigating the local regulatory landscape. The expansion comes as stablecoins gain significant traction in South Korea. Data provided to lawmaker Min Byeong-dug from the country's five largest cryptocurrency exchanges via the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) shows that dollar-pegged stablecoins accounted for 47% of crypto assets withdrawn from these platforms between January and March. Central bank pushes for regulationMeanwhile, South Korean officials are increasingly focused on regulating the stablecoin sector. Bank of Korea (BOK) Governor Rhee Chang-yong recently called for the swift implementation of stablecoin oversight, warning that they could bypass the country’s financial rules. During a press conference in Italy, Rhee argued that stablecoins pegged to either the Korean won or the U.S. dollar effectively function as alternative currencies and should be examined under existing money transfer laws. Rhee has emphasized that authorities must first determine whether won-backed digital tokens should be permitted at all. Last October, during a national audit, he expressed concerns about stablecoins' dependence on fiat currencies and advocated for implementing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) instead. These concerns were echoed by Ko Kyeong-cheol, head of BOK's electronic finance team, who recently highlighted at a financial law conference that stablecoins could profoundly impact the central bank's ability to carry out monetary policy, maintain financial stability and oversee payment settlements. Ko emphasized that if South Korea were to permit won-pegged stablecoins, the BOK should be involved early in the approval process to minimize potential risks to its policy objectives. On the regulatory front, Financial Services Commission (FSC) Chairman Kim Byoung-hwan has indicated that discussions on developing a stablecoin regulatory framework are likely to begin in June as part of a broader initiative. Presidential candidates weigh in on stablecoin futureThe issue has also entered the political arena ahead of South Korea's June 3 presidential election. Lee Jae-myung, the Democratic Party of Korea's presidential candidate, has advocated for a market featuring won-based stablecoins. Lee argues that quickly adopting stablecoins would help South Korea keep pace with global trends and prevent capital outflows. His platform includes introducing spot crypto ETFs and reducing digital asset trading fees.  Another candidate, Hong Joon-pyo of the People Power Party, also previously announced plans to explore the issuance of a won-pegged stablecoin before being eliminated in the party's primary election.