Worldcoin executives meet Malaysian leaders 

Bank of Korea Conducts Successful CBDC Pilot Test with Financial InstitutionsThe Bank of Korea (BOK) announced yesterday in a press release that its central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot program operated successfully in a practical setting involving multiple financial institutions.Testing environmentsPreviously, the CBDC system was tested in an isolated cloud environment. In this recent test, the system was installed on the servers of various financial institutions over a five-month period to evaluate its performance.The 1.2 billion KRW ($905,000) project included the participation of six companies, such as Kakao’s Krust Universe, KakaoBank, and KakaoPay, as well as 14 banks and the Korea Financial Telecommunications and Clearings Institute. Kookmin, Shinhan, and Woori were among the participating banks.Four scenariosThe BOK and financial institutions tested the system’s performance under four scenarios: increasing transaction requests per second, increasing the number of active users, reducing the transaction queue size, and adjusting the block generation time ratio.The increase in transaction requests led to a 10% decrease in transactions per second (TPS), from 2,100 TPS to 1,900 TPS, compared to the single cloud environment test. This result is still deemed acceptable, as the highest TPS recorded in the current small payment infrastructure network is 1,200, which occurs on paydays and other high-transaction days.Issues such as slower response times arose with higher transaction request volumes but were resolved by enlarging the transaction queue size and increasing the block formation time proportion in the block generation process. The block generation process involves two stages: block formation, where transactions are recorded, and block validation, where transactions are verified.Greater stabilityThe test demonstrated that transaction errors at individual institutions did not affect others, suggesting that a distributed ledger system offers greater management stability than a centralized system. However, institutional officers cited challenges in problem-solving and communication when using the distributed ledger system.The BOK plans to involve more institutions in ongoing experiments this year, supporting them in testing their smart contracts on the CBDC pilot system.Photo by Bundo Kim on Unsplash

Hong Kong Web3 Companies Invest Millions in VASP LicensesWeb3 firms in Hong Kong are making significant financial investments to obtain Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) licenses.According to a report by Foresight News on Tuesday, the cost of these licenses is ranging between 20 million and 200 million Hong Kong dollars ($2.55 million and $25.5 million).Industry sources explained to the publication that the high costs are due to the lack of existing infrastructure in traditional financial institutions, requiring significant investments in various aspects such as products and teams. Even experienced cryptocurrency institutions find the cost of obtaining a license to be substantial.Photo by Daniam Chou on UnsplashEarly licenseesAnalysts at Foresight highlighted that several Hong Kong subsidiaries of exchanges, including OKX, BitgetX, HashKey Pro, OSL, and Gate.io, have already commenced operations. OKX, in particular, has witnessed impressive growth in Hong Kong, with 8,800 registered users and a cumulative trading volume of $150 million as of June 27.To regulate the cryptocurrency exchange industry, Hong Kong introduced new VASP licensing requirements on June 1.These requirements mandate firms to disclose user statistics and company financials to the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) of Hong Kong for regulatory approval. Exchanges that fail to comply with the requirements will be compelled to halt operations in the special administrative region (SAR) by mid-next year.Virtual asset ratingsOn the same day, the Hong Kong Virtual Asset Consortium unveiled its virtual asset index, which encompasses major cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, as well as altcoins and privacy tokens. The consortium aims to offer ratings services and indexes to facilitate retail crypto trading in the SAR. Notably, it has received support from prominent players in the industry, including Huobi, KuCoin, Bitget, and others.The introduction of VASP licenses and the subsequent investments made by Web3 companies demonstrate the evolving regulatory landscape in Hong Kong. With the stringent licensing requirements, the industry aims to enhance transparency and accountability, ensuring the protection of investors and fostering a more secure environment for cryptocurrency trading.The involvement of established exchanges and the formation of the Hong Kong Virtual Asset Consortium further underscore the growing interest and support for cryptocurrencies in the region. These initiatives are designed to provide retail investors with reliable information.In that way, they enable them to make informed decisions while participating in the digital assets space. The consortium’s collaboration with industry leaders reflects a collective effort to promote the growth and adoption of cryptocurrencies in Hong Kong.Last week’s news of banking stalwart HSBC offering Hong Kong-based crypto exchange-traded funds (ETFs) to its banking customers has also delivered a shot in the arm to the development of crypto in the Chinese autonomous territory.As the regulatory framework continues to evolve and mature, it is expected that Hong Kong will attract more Web3 companies seeking to operate in a regulated and compliant environment.The investment in VASP licenses signals a commitment to long-term growth in establishing a base in Hong Kong. Ongoing developments in Hong Kong over the course of the past six months point to the recognition of the potential benefits that cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology can bring to the financial landscape of Hong Kong and level of the level of intent locally to progress the technology.

The Current Status of Crypto in AsiaWith the United States having taken a very harsh line relative to cryptocurrency of late, there has been a lot of chatter surrounding the likelihood of Asia driving crypto forward. With that in mind, we’ve taken a look at the state of crypto in a number of Asian countries.©Pexels/RODNAE ProductionsJapanJapan is among the most crypto-friendly developed nations globally, having acknowledged Bitcoin as a legal payment mode and regulated crypto exchanges in 2017. Bitflyer and Bitbank are among the crypto exchanges operating in Japan, which currently has over 23 authorized crypto exchanges.The country aims to balance consumer protection and innovation by requiring crypto exchanges to register with the FSA, comply with stringent rules on security, anti-money laundering, and reporting, undergo regular FSA audits and inspections, and be part of the Japan Virtual Currency Exchange Association (JVCEA) for self-regulation.Despite being regulated, Japan’s crypto market is lively, with the Yen ranking second for Bitcoin trading volume by currency. The country has a flourishing crypto community, including blockchain firm LayerX, which requires ChatGPT expertise. Japan is also exploring the potential of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and plans to launch a pilot program with private sector partners in 2023 to test their feasibility for various use cases, aligning with the country’s strict approach to crypto.Japan’s crypto taxation is unfavorable, with crypto gains taxed at the same rates as regular income, potentially reaching up to 55% for higher income brackets. However, Japan is one of the few countries with comprehensive guidelines on crypto taxation, with the NTA providing a detailed document that explains different types of transactions and their corresponding tax calculations.ChinaChina’s ban on crypto mining led to many miners moving their operations overseas or selling their equipment at a loss. However, China’s crypto-mining industry bounced back, with a 21% share of the global hash rate. While China has a competitive advantage in cheap electricity, regulatory risks remain.China’s digital yuan is a legal tender fully backed by the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) and pegged to the renminbi. Unlike most cryptocurrencies, it is not decentralized or anonymous but is monitored by the PBOC. Adoption has been slow despite various partnerships and pilot tests, including with WeChat Pay.China is working with other countries on the Multiple CBDC Bridge project to explore the feasibility of cross-border fund transfers among different currencies. Launching its own CBDC may allow China to reduce its reliance on the US dollar and increase its influence over global trade and monetary policy. However, the success of that endeavor is questionable.Hong KongHong Kong is a crypto-friendly jurisdiction that faces banking access and mainland influence challenges. Despite difficulties opening local bank accounts after the closure of two crypto-friendly banks, Hong Kong remains committed to fostering its fintech hub status.The government proposed allowing retail investors to trade cryptocurrencies and ETFs and reviewing property rights for tokenized assets while considering legalizing smart contracts. Crypto purchases for all citizens are due to be legalized in June 2023. These measures should attract more investors and businesses to the city’s crypto industry.Nonetheless, Hong Kong must overcome hurdles regarding banking access and regulatory uncertainty from mainland China to maintain its attractive status for crypto businesses and investors.SingaporeSingapore has a supportive crypto ecosystem and regulations with low tax rates, favorable policies, strong financial center reputation, and proximity to other Asian markets. Notable international crypto players with offices in Singapore include Coinbase, Crypto.com and Kraken.However, Singapore imposes strict rules on crypto service providers to prevent illicit activities, requiring digital payment token (DPT) services to obtain a license under the Payment Services Act or face fines and jail time. Singapore’s crypto industry also faces competition from other jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong and the UAE, offering tax incentives and favorable legal frameworks.IndiaIndia’s crypto industry faces uncertainties due to the lack of a clear regulatory framework and frequent changes in the government’s stance. Despite having a large tech-savvy population and an active crypto community, the industry struggles with regulatory compliance and legal risks. In 2018, the Reserve Bank of India’s ban on banking channels cut off many crypto businesses and users.The Supreme Court of India later overturned the ban, but draft bills to ban or regulate crypto have since been proposed without official introduction or passage. India recently imposed a preemptive ban on crypto advertising and sponsorships and is exploring the integration of a CBDC. India’s position on crypto leans toward the anti-crypto side, just short of an outright ban.For brevity, we’ve confined discussion to these five Asian venues. However, it would be remiss of us not to mention that Vietnam has one of the highest levels of crypto adoption in the world while having a crypto trading ban in place. Not so in South Korea where crypto trading is legal, with strict regulation having been put in place. Meanwhile, Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has approved four cryptocurrencies as tradable assets, with crypto trading in the country having a legal status.It’s difficult to figure out precisely how crypto will develop geographically but it seems certain that its future will be molded to some extent in Asia.