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Illicit Crypto Activities Estimated to Have Surpassed $100 Billion in S.E. AsiaA recent analysis by blockchain analytics firm Bitrace has found that over $100 billion worth of digital currency has been used in illicit crypto trading activities in Southeast Asia.Photo by Bermix Studio on UnsplashThe firm provided details of its analysis via X (formerly Twitter) on Monday. The data underscores the extensive scope of unlawful activities involving cryptocurrencies across Southeast Asia. The analysis further revealed that illicit activities involve fraudulent schemes, online gambling, and money laundering.Misuse of digital asset innovationSome of the key characteristics of digital assets include the ability to maintain anonymity, decentralization, and borderless transactions, which are generally considered positive attributes. However, the very nature of decentralized cryptocurrency means that nobody dictates who uses it or the purpose for which someone decides to use it. With that, these characteristics have rendered illegal undertakings not only more covert but also facilitated expedited transfers of pilfered resources.The silver lining, however, rests in the inherent transparency of blockchain ledgers. This quality has enabled Bitrace’s team of encryption analysts to trace funds implicated in illicit ventures through intensive on-chain analysis.Key insightsThe Bitrace research points towards the following key insights:Prevalence of Tether (USDT): The use of USDT has gained prominence in both illicit activities and gambling operations throughout Southeast Asia, with a staggering sum of over 115 billion USDT recorded in 2022 alone.Shift to Top Trading Platforms: USDT is observed to migrate from unlawful platforms within Southeast Asia towards top-tier trading platforms. Particularly favored by operators and gamblers, a significant proportion hails from the Chinese demographic, consistently gravitating towards specific exchanges.Inflow into Trading Platforms: A noteworthy development emerges as over 14.6 billion USDT prepares to traverse into trading platform accounts. The mounting risk factor diffuses across an expanding spectrum of addresses and platforms.Likely consequencesIf this blockchain analysis is found to be accurate, there are likely to be ramifications for all projects operating in the digital assets, DeFi and Web3 space. It comes at a time when the focus on the regulation of crypto-related businesses is more intense than ever before.Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Transaction (KYT) legislation are cornerstone financial services regulations that have been established on a global basis. If these regulations are being flouted, and crypto is being used as a means to circumvent them, there’s a real risk that regulation could be applied heavy-handedly to counteract that threat of widespread illicit activity.Global crypto exchange Binance has faced criticism in this context, with a suggestion in March that its Turkey-based exchange service had been used by an organization connected with militant group Hamas for money laundering and terrorist financing.In a report last week, Binance claimed that it shared information with authorities that led to the capture of senior ISIS members. More such cooperation will likely be necessary to prevent the sector being subject to overzealous regulation.

In a move to enhance the oversight of cross-border wire transfers involving virtual assets, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), the central bank of the Philippines, is fortifying the implementation of regulations relative to crypto transfers.Photo by C Bueza on UnsplashTravel rule clarificationsLocal news outlet, the English language newspaper The Philippine Star reported that central bank memorandum 2023-042 provides clarifications on the travel rule for virtual asset service providers (VASPs). The travel rule requires financial institutions to pass on information to the next institution where a transaction takes place. The BSP aims to bring greater clarity to several aspects, including the applicability of the P50,000 transaction threshold and expectations regarding transactions involving jurisdictions without travel rules. Additionally, further interpretation is being provided concerning the extension of the Philippine travel rule to non-custodial VASPs and regulatory expectations surrounding transactions with unhosted wallets or crypto wallets controlled directly by their owners, rather than managed by third-party service providers. FATF compliance ambitionThis regulatory move is in response to the directives from the Paris-based Financial Action Task Force (FATF). In 2021 the Philippines came under greater scrutiny from the intergovernmental organization, when it was included on its "gray list," making it a candidate for increased monitoring. The FATF has called upon the Philippines to establish guidelines for the travel rule to prevent terrorists and criminals from exploiting virtual asset transfers for the unrestricted movement of their assets and to detect and prevent misuse effectively.BSP-supervised financial institutions (BSFIs) are now mandated to scrutinize specific details of virtual asset transfers, including the originator's name, account number used in the transaction, originator's physical address or national identity and the beneficiary's name and account number. International moves towards complianceThis latest move by the Philippine central bank is not unusual. In recent months, a plethora of similarly motivated central banks around the world have tightened up on crypto regulation as it relates to the FATF directives. Being on the FATF's "gray list" is bad for a country’s reputation. It has the potential to result in loss of investor confidence and lead to higher compliance costs and greater monitoring. Additionally, it may have an impact on trade relations and damage a country’s ability to access international finance.  Turkey has also found itself on the organization’s gray list. Working towards repairing that situation, Turkey is in the process of establishing a crypto regulatory framework that will be FATF compliant.In May, Pakistan went a step further in banning cryptocurrency. At the time, its Minister of State for Finance and Revenue, Aisha Ghaus Pasha, stated that the ban had been a requirement for Pakistan’s removal from the FATF gray list. A tightening of crypto regulations has also occurred in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and in Hong Kong more recently, as those territories work towards ensuring FATF compliance. The BSP emphasizes that transactions not surpassing the P50,000 threshold or its equivalent in foreign currency must include the names and account numbers of both the originator and beneficiary. Both originating and beneficiary VASPs are required to establish and adhere to robust sanction screening procedures, ensuring compliance with sanctions lists and preventing transactions involving sanctioned individuals, entities, or jurisdictions.

OKX shores up App security following bug discoveryCryptocurrency exchange OKX has swiftly responded to a recently uncovered security flaw by releasing an updated version (v6.45.0) of its iOS app.User data and asset vulnerabilityThe flaw was identified by Web3 and blockchain security specialist CertiK. It posed a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability that had the potential to compromise sensitive user data and crypto assets. Notwithstanding that, no user assets were lost or security compromised.Taking to the X social media platform on Tuesday, CertiK wrote:”Attention! We urge users of OKX wallets to update their iOS app to the latest version immediately. Earlier this month, we identified and reported a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in the OKX iOS App, leading to potential compromise of sensitive data and crypto assets.”Photo by FLY:D on UnsplashPrompt responseRecognizing the risk, OKX has acted promptly to rectify the issue and commit to protecting user assets. It too followed up on social media with its own announcement:”Thanks @Certik for the note. We’ve completed the relevant upgrade & this is no longer an issue. We have verified that this did not impact any customer assets. The fix has been deployed to iOS version 6.45.0 & we recommend you update the app asap.”Ongoing exploitsThis security incident has played out amid a backdrop that has seen a worrying number of hacks, exploits and vulnerabilities in the crypto space. In recent weeks, hacks at HTX (formerly Huobi), cross-chain bridge Heco and Poloniex have accounted for millions of dollars in losses.As recently as last week, users of the Ledger hardware wallet were told by the company not to connect to decentralized applications as it had discovered that a malicious version of its Ledger Connect software had been distributed.Industry collaborationThe collaboration between OKX and CertiK in addressing this security concern is demonstrative of how industry actors are having to cooperate in order to deal effectively with these vulnerabilities and threats.Transparent communication and a swift response in this instance are likely to have played a role in minimizing any potential loss. In a noteworthy development, OKX, in collaboration with Tether, has collaborated with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) to freeze $225 million in USDT tokens.This unprecedented action primarily targeted a human trafficking syndicate in Southeast Asia, illustrating the increasing cooperation between crypto entities and law enforcement in addressing illegal activities involving digital currencies.The immediate resolution of the iOS app vulnerability in this instance resulted in no loss occurring. That outcome underscores the importance of the prioritization of user safety and data security.With the updated app version (v6.45.0) now available, users can proceed with their crypto transactions with renewed confidence in the platform’s security measures. As the cryptocurrency landscape evolves, crypto platforms and platform users will need to remain vigilant in order to safeguard and protect funds.