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China’s Crypto Crackdown Reveals Capital Control LoopholesChinese authorities have been stepping up their efforts to crack down on cryptocurrency-related crimes, and with that, uncovering how digital currencies are being used to bypass strict capital controls imposed by Beijing.China may be a few years into a crackdown against the use of cryptocurrencies but despite that, their use and particularly their use for illicit purposes continue. That’s according to a report on Wednesday by the South China Morning Post (SCMP).Photo by Christian Lue on UnsplashCombating capital outflowsThe rising trend of capital outflows has prompted Chinese authorities to take action. Two prominent cases illustrate the extent of these illegal activities and the value of assets seized.In Jingmen, a city in Hubei province, police disclosed details of an online gambling case involving digital currencies used to evade regulation. The case has implicated over 50,000 individuals and a turnover of billions of dollars. Although the specific virtual currency was not mentioned, authorities revealed that they had frozen multiple accounts with a combined value of $160 million.Meanwhile, in Shanxi province, police solved a money laundering case linked to 380 million yuan worth of USDT, the US dollar stablecoin issued by Tether. China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange is responsible for monitoring cross-border capital flows. Accordingly, it has taken steps to curb these illicit activities. Late last month, it fined ten firms in order to maintain order in the forex market.Digital yuan developmentThese recent cryptocurrency cases have exposed loopholes in China’s capital control system. Crypto mining and trading have long been banned by Chinese regulators. As an alternative, China has been actively developing its own central bank digital currency (CBDC), known as the digital yuan or e-CNY. 2023 has seen a raft of measures taken by various regional administrators throughout China to bring about further e-CNY adoption.However, the ban on cryptocurrencies and the launch of the e-CNY have driven many miners and traders underground or to overseas locations such as Hong Kong, which ironically, is vying to become a cryptocurrency hub. The continued depreciation of the yuan against the US dollar has intensified capital outflow pressures.Chinese bonds sell-offInternationally, fund managers have been selling significant amounts of Chinese securities since 2021. That goes against the current regional trend which sees emerging Asian markets experiencing substantial inflows of funds during the same period, according to the Institute of International Finance.That market activity has been in response to Chinese policies and escalating US-China tensions. An Atlantic Council report highlights that international institutional investors have been net sellers of approximately 1 trillion yuan in Chinese bonds since early 2022.China’s efforts to control capital outflows and stabilize the yuan’s value face ongoing challenges, as cryptocurrency-related crimes persist. While the crackdown exposes weaknesses in the country’s capital control system, it also underscores the difficulty authorities will have globally in trying to control digital currency use.

Latest Chinese Crypto Crackdown Sees Influencer Accounts Shut DownMicro blogging platform Sina Weibo, one of China’s most popular social media platforms boasting over 258 million daily active users, has taken decisive action to enforce the country’s stringent regulations on cryptocurrency activities.Photo by Henry Chen on Unsplash80 accounts removedIn its latest announcement on Tuesday, the platform revealed the removal of 80 influencer accounts dedicated to promoting cryptocurrency-related content. These accounts collectively held a substantial following, with over 8 million followers combined.The move by Weibo comes as a response to official legislation aimed at cracking down on activities that breach a range of regulations encompassing telecommunications, finance, banking, online marketing, securities, exchanges, and internet safety. The 80 influencer accounts in question had actively violated these regulations by endorsing and promoting cryptocurrencies.Ongoing enforcementThis isn’t the first time Weibo has undertaken such a measure. It has been periodically purging crypto-related accounts since China’s cryptocurrency ban took effect in September 2021. In March of this year, Weibo already took down 131 accounts associated with crypto and stock trading activities.The most significant nationwide crackdown occurred in August 2022 when the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) stepped in, resulting in the removal of a staggering 12,000 influencer accounts across both Weibo and Baidu. Furthermore, 51,000 promotional posts related to cryptocurrencies were deleted. The CAC justified these actions by emphasizing their intent to protect the public’s property safety, educate citizens on responsible investment practices, and discourage participation in speculative cryptocurrency trading activities.Weibo echoed similar sentiments in their previous enforcement actions, vowing to increase the crackdown on illegal securities activities on their platform while strictly adhering to legal regulations.Worldwide issueCrypto promotion and crypto influencers are coming under increased scrutiny worldwide. In a recent filing by the Department of Justice (DoJ) in the United States in its criminal prosecution against Sam Bankman-Fried, the Founder and former CEO of failed crypto exchange FTX, it asserted that promotion by way of ads featuring US comedian Larry David and American sports star Tom Brady had blurred the lines between FTXs international and US businesses.Class action lawsuits have been instigated against a long list of crypto influencers and promoters relative to FTX, Celsius, BlockFi, and a number of other high-profile failed crypto platforms.Last month, details emerged of a grizzly end for Argentinian crypto influencer Fernando Perez Algaba, whose dismembered body was found in a suitcase in a town close to the Argentinian capital, Buenos Aires.China’s intensified scrutiny over crypto activities in recent years is driven by multiple factors, including concerns about capital flight, money laundering, and the imperative to safeguard state-controlled cryptocurrency initiatives. These measures have not only affected domestic investors but have also had unintended consequences for international cryptocurrency enthusiasts.

MAS Offers Guidelines for Banks Handling Crypto-Related ClientsThe Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has released a comprehensive set of guidelines to assist banks in managing clients who are involved in digital assets, such as cryptocurrency exchanges or individuals whose wealth is derived from cryptocurrencies.Photo by Meriç Dağlı on UnsplashIndustry working groupAccording to a report in local media source, The Straits Times, these non-mandatory guidelines, developed by an industry working group, aim to provide best practices for financial institutions to address concerns related to money laundering, terrorism financing, and sanctions risks associated with cryptocurrencies.The working group suggests that enhanced due diligence may be necessary for firms closely connected to facilitating crypto transactions. For instance, conducting site visits or walk-throughs of a client’s anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing processes and controls could be required.During the onboarding process, banks should request information documenting the customer’s crypto exposure and the intended usage of the account. Additionally, banks are advised to establish the source of the client’s funds or wealth.To evaluate the regulatory status of a merchant customer’s crypto-related counterparties, especially if they contribute significantly to the merchant’s transactions, banks should conduct thorough assessments.The working group also highlights the use of blockchain screening tools to review the on-chain activity of digital token payment service providers. Regular screening of new and existing wallet addresses owned or controlled by these providers against the sanctions list and designated wallets is also recommended.Comprehensive guidelinesLoretta Yuen, Head of Legal and Compliance at Oversea-Chinese Banking Corp (OCBC), a Singapore-headquartered bank, describes the guidelines as one of the most comprehensive in the world, providing insights into banks’ management of crypto-related money laundering, terrorism financing, and sanctions risks.She believes the guidelines will raise awareness among prospective customers regarding the key risk considerations banks prioritize and enable customers to proactively fulfill banks’ customer due diligence requirements during the onboarding process.Evy Theunis, DBS Bank’s Head of Digital Assets, views the guidelines as a codification of best practices across the industry, aligning with the bank’s existing protocols. United Overseas Bank (UOB) also acknowledges the benefits of the best practice paper, particularly given the diverse range of digital assets with varying levels of risk.Eight participating banksThe working group responsible for developing these guidelines includes representatives from eight banks, MAS, the Commercial Affairs Department, and Big Four audit firm Ernst & Young. Formed in August 2022 under the anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism industry partnership (ACIP), the group aims to identify, assess, and mitigate money laundering and terrorism financing risks in Singapore through a collaborative private-public partnership involving the financial sector, regulators, law enforcement agencies, and other government entities.Singapore is vying to establish itself as a hub for digital asset business in Asia, alongside other centers such as Hong Kong. The Chinese autonomous territory has been making greater progress over the course of the past year.However, a report in The Wall Street Journal on Monday suggests that banking remains a difficulty for crypto businesses in Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s difficulty may be Singapore’s opportunity, given the work that this working group has carried out in smoothing the way for the banking of digital asset-related businesses.