Understanding South Korea’s won-backed stablecoin debate

Japanese blockchain infrastructure firm Soramitsu has been contracted by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) to work on a pilot program for the digital Pakistani rupee. Pakistan originally announced its intention to pursue a central bank digital currency (CBDC) or digital rupee back in 2019. However, unlike other Asian nations such as China, Cambodia and Thailand, it has not taken much action to progress such a digital currency since then.SBP Governor Jameel Ahmad spoke at the Reuters NEXT Asia Summit in Singapore last month, outlining that the South Asian country was moving towards the establishment of a digital rupee and “building up [its] capacity” to launch it, and that a pilot project would be the next step. According to a report published by Nikkei Asia on Aug. 12, that pilot project is now underway.Photo by Hamid Roshaan on UnsplashCBDC specialistSoramitsu already has a wealth of experience in this field. In 2023, it signed a memorandum of understanding with the Laotian central bank to launch a proof-of-concept CBDC project, with the Tokyo-headquartered company going on to play a pivotal role in the issuance of Laos’ Digital Lao Kip.In Cambodia, it partnered with the National Bank of Cambodia to bring about the establishment of Bakong, Cambodia’s CBDC-like payment system. The company is also involved in CBDC projects in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, while spearheading a project aimed at enabling seamless cross-border payments among Asian countries. Japanese fundingIn the case of Pakistan’s pilot project, Soramitsu’s CBDC platform will facilitate the digital rupee while funding is being provided by the Global South Future-Oriented Co-Creation Project, an initiative from Japan’s Ministry of Economy that seeks to promote the formation of co-creation business models. Infrastructure, such as the internet and power, can be unstable in some parts of Pakistan. Consequently, the proposed CBDC will incorporate the ability for the user to transact with it using their smartphone, even if the phone doesn’t have an active internet connection. Digital transformationMasato Toriya, an associate professor at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies and an expert on Pakistan, outlined the behavioral change that would be required in getting Pakistanis in rural areas to use such a currency. He stated: “Many transactions in rural areas are cash-based, even for wage payments, and the rate of people with bank accounts is low."  However, cash-based systems have significant overheads, and it's thought that a CBDC could reduce such costs considerably. Last month, the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics published an article written by Dr. Ahmed Fraz, an assistant professor of finance with the organization, in which he claimed that the digital rupee pilot project is part of a “profound digital transformation” that Pakistan is moving towards.  Dr. Fraz asserted that a CBDC would enhance financial inclusion in Pakistan through the reduction of transaction fees, digitization of welfare payments and the financial inclusion of millions of unbanked citizens within the formal economy.He added that the digital rupee “is not intended to replace existing payment systems immediately but to complement platforms” and to modernize Pakistan’s financial architecture.

South Korea Advances Crypto Disclosures Bill for LawmakersThe floor leader of the ruling political party in the South Korean Assembly is urging faster implementation of a new bill that will require Korean politicians and senior government officials to make a declaration of any crypto-related holdings.The bill was already in the works but is now picking up speed, and likely to be brought into effect earlier than expected. That’s according to a local report published by Yonhap news agency. The bill is being finalized against the backdrop of a particularly poignant political controversy.Photo by rawkkim on UnsplashPolitical controversyLawmaker and former Democratic Party of Korea opposition party member Kim Nam-kuk is at the center of a political fuss, and with that, intense scrutiny relative to his interaction with crypto-assets. Kim reportedly held 800,000 WEMIX tokens in early 2022, with a value in the region of 6 billion Korean won (around $4.5 million).Existing legislation provides for a need for Korean politicians to disclose their investments and wealth. However, that provision has not caught up with the digital asset era. Virtual assets had been an exception which lawmakers are now rushing to remedy.Once news of Kim’s crypto holding emerged, it led to suspicion and accusations of insider trading. The politician had made a number of crypto trades during the time in which he was actively working on digital asset legislation. As the controversy gathered more attention, it led to the offices of two of the country’s leading crypto exchanges, Bithumb and Upbit, being raided. Records related to Kim’s crypto trading activity were seized.Bringing forward enforcement dateThe bill that will remedy circumstances like the one that has arisen as a result of Kim’s crypto trading activity is being put forward by Yun Jae-ok, the floor leader of the ruling party. It had originally been scheduled to be implemented in December, but Yun is looking to have the bill amended so that the enforcement date of the proposed legislation takes place in two months.“Given the current high level of public interest, especially regarding lawmakers, it’s not appropriate to enforce the law six months later after the promulgation,” Yun told Yonhap news agency. It’s understood that Yun has asked the leader of the Public Administration Committee to put forward the modified version of the law.The legislative process in South Korea requires initial drafting of the bill, followed by the proposed legislation being scrutinized by a number of relevant committees, inclusive of the Legislation and Judiciary Committee. An assembly debate follows, and beyond that, it’s expected that there will be a vote on the legislation, which has been scheduled for Friday.Should the bill be carried following the vote, the approved bill then proceeds to the President. So long as it is not vetoed, it is presented to the public and becomes law.On an international basis, financial interest disclosure requirements are common. Taking the US and the UK as examples, both jurisdictions require their politicians to disclose financial holdings. However, it would appear that South Korea is about to enact an advanced form of such legislation comparatively, as currently in both the US and UK, there is no specific provision requiring politicians to disclose crypto holdings.

SBI Digital Asset Holdings (SBI DAH) has unveiled a new joint venture with Chiliz, geared towards introducing soccer club fan tokens to Japan.  Bringing a fan engagement token offering to JapanThese tokens, operating under the Socios fan engagement brand, encompass soccer clubs such as Arsenal, AC Milan, Manchester City, FC Barcelona, Inter Milan and Paris Saint-Germain. Both companies outlined to The Block in a joint statement that the purpose of the joint venture is to provide local sports fans in Japan with access to tokens associated with these high profile soccer clubs.Photo by Konstantin Evdokimov on UnsplashAlongside this collaboration, SBI DAH intends to establish a node on the Chiliz Chain. Notably, over 2 million users have already engaged with the Socios fan tokens, signifying a burgeoning interest in this space. Rather than depend upon non-fungible tokens Chiliz relies upon fan tokens, representing a distinct category. They're fungible, akin to tracking stocks, facilitating fan engagement through voting, competitions, VIP experiences, merchandise and exclusive offers.  In Japan, private investors traditionally exhibit more active engagement with companies, often receiving incentives such as discount coupons, gift cards, points and memberships. While fan tokens don't confer ownership rights in the clubs, they offer similar avenues for engagement.  Fernando Luis Vázquez Cao, CEO of SBI DAH, highlighted the importance of technology in enhancing community experiences, expressing enthusiasm for collaborating with industry leaders like Chiliz to introduce novel experiences to the Japanese audience. Vázquez Cao stated:”The partnership between SBI DAH and Chiliz will bring together the best-in-class capabilities of both traditional finance and Web3, leveraging fintech innovations to transform the sports and entertainment experiences for communities.” The recent transition of the Chiliz blockchain from a Proof of Authority (PoA) to a Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) version marks a significant step forward, attracting node operators like Paris Saint Germain and enhancing the network's capabilities. PoSA is a hybrid consensus algorithm that enables faster block times and reduced transaction costs. Additional partnershipsIn addition to its collaboration with Chiliz, SBI DAH boasts a diverse portfolio of blockchain interests, spanning initiatives such as AsiaNext, SBI Digital Markets and crypto custodian Zodia Custody. Many crypto projects have partnered with the company as a means to gain access to the Japanese market. One of the most recent examples is its partnership with USDC stablecoin issuer Circle.  The objective of that partnership has been to expand the circulation of stablecoins in Japan, but particularly USDC. Moreover, SBI DAH has made strategic investments in prominent players like Swiss digital asset bank Sygnum, Blockdaemon and the Tangem wallet. SBI Holdings, the parent company of SBI DAH, similarly maintains an extensive involvement in blockchain investments and activities.  In tackling the Japanese market, Chiliz will have to contend with a local competitor in the form of FiNANCiE. It has emerged to fill a similar role, fostering relationships with domestic sports teams, including J-League soccer clubs. By contrast,  Chiliz has provided broader international exposure. International competitors include Sorare and Dapper Labs, which concentrate on NFTs.