South Korean card issuers line up stablecoin plans as regulation nears

The Asia Web3 Alliance Japan, an agency that regards itself as a bridge between the Web3 ecosystem in Asia and Japan’s broader business sector, has reached out to the Securities and Exchange Commission in the United States with a view towards establishing a strategic collaboration.Photo by Clement Souchet on UnsplashFocus on Web3 regulatory innovation & tokenizationThe President of the organization, Hinza Asif, wrote to SEC Crypto Task Force Chairperson and SEC Commissioner, Hester Peirce, on the subject, on March 25. The letter, subsequently published by the SEC, sets out a proposal that centers on a strategic U.S.-Japan partnership relative to Web3 regulatory innovation and tokenization. The Japanese agency, which has set out cross-border synergy as one of its objectives, calls for collaboration between Japan’s Financial Services Agency, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Bank of Japan with the U.S. regulator. The Alliance proposes that the goal of that partnership would be the establishment of regulatory clarity in respect of the Web3 sector, together with the fostering of interoperability between a developing Web3 ecosystem in the U.S. and the one that’s developing in Japan. Token classification frameworkDelving deeper into proposal specifics, Asif sets out the formation of a harmonized token classification framework as a key objective. The proposal suggests that a distinction needs to be made between tokenized securities, utility tokens and non-security digital assets.  The alliance believes that right now, token classification is unclear, with projects struggling to understand what category their token falls within from a regulatory perspective. There’s a lack of token offering frameworks. While it sees that further work is required, the Asia Web3 Alliance Japan is encouraged by progress made by the SEC’s Crypto Task Force in identifying security categories. With this cross-border collaboration, the Japanese crypto advocacy group believes that there is an opportunity to achieve regulatory interoperability on an international basis. That would facilitate compliant cross-border token issuance. On that basis, the alliance suggests that standards be developed such that regulatory consistency is achieved internationally when it comes to items such as digital asset trading, custody and token issuance. The proposal sets out a need for reciprocal disclosure requirements between the two jurisdictions where cross-border token issuance is concerned. It advocates for mutual recognition of what it terms “compliant tokenized offerings.” Bringing safe harbor to JapanAnother focus area contained within the proposal is the suggestion of a need to implement a safe harbor approach in Japan for early-stage token projects in line with what has been put forward in the U.S. Peirce first put forward a token safe harbor proposal in the U.S. in 2020. It sets out to provide exemptions over a defined initial period for certain token issuances. The idea behind it is to enable these early-stage projects to innovate and mature without getting bogged down in a regulatory quagmire. The establishment of a U.S.-Japan Web3 regulatory roundtable is another strand contained within the proposal. This would provide a mechanism for ongoing dialogue between stakeholders such as regulators, industry leaders and legal experts.

Singapore’s Whampoa Plans Crypto-Friendly Bank in BahrainSingapore-based privately held investment firm Whampoa Group has announced that it plans to open a crypto-friendly digital bank in the Kingdom of Bahrain in the Persian Gulf.Photo by Charles-Adrien Fournier on UnsplashIsland state diversificationThe island state has been looking to diversify from its predominantly oil-based economy into fintech and finance. Whampoa Group CEO Shawn Chan said that the company was “impressed by Bahrain’s solid reputation in the financial services sector, transparent regulatory framework, and ongoing pledge to collaborate and innovate.”Chan added that Whampoa would commit to providing “secure and innovative digital financial solutions in line with global best practices” relative to the proposed digital bank, with an eye towards setting a benchmark for the industry where digitally-native banking is concerned.Persian Gulf crypto hubsThe Persian Gulf is proving to be a crypto-friendly region in recent times. Bahrain is one of a number of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries vying for digital asset-related business. The country’s financial services sector contributes in excess of 17% to Bahraini gross domestic product (GDP). Bahrain has been one of the first in the region to establish a regulatory framework for digital assets, together with a crypto asset licensing system.Its Persian Gulf neighbor, the United Arab Emirates, including the individual emirates of Dubai and Abu Dhabi, have followed a similar path, establishing a workable set of regulatory rules in relation to digital assets, alongside licensing of crypto businesses.CEO of the Bahrain Economic Development Board, Khalid Humaidan welcomed Whompoa’s decision to establish the business in Bahrain, emphasizing the importance of crypto-friendly digital banking to support further development of crypto business in Bahrain, while bolstering the infrastructure available to existing digital asset businesses operating within the Kingdom.Doors open in 2023The bank is scheduled to open later this year, providing integrated financial services covering traditional banking, together with crypto-specific banking activity. That will include digital asset trading and custody, as well as asset management-based products and services.Whompoa’s plan is to gear the bank towards meeting the needs of institutions, innovators and crypto start-up companies and sophisticated global investors. Crypto-friendly banking has been a perennial problem that has stymied the development of the digital assets sector since its emergence.That problem has gotten worse rather than better more recently, with a mixture of banking failures and a crypto sector crackdown leading to the closure of crypto-friendly banks like Silvergate and Signature in the United States in recent months.In East Asia, Hong Kong, while shaping up to compete on the global stage as a crypto-hub, has seen crypto businesses experience difficulty in terms of securing banking within the Chinese autonomous territory. Efforts are being made to alleviate that issue. Furthermore, Hong Kong’s largest virtual bank, ZA Bank, has set out to become the go-to bank for crypto start-up banking in the city.Experiences elsewhere exemplify how crucial banking infrastructure is to the embryonic digital assets sector. It underscores the important role that Whompoa could play in boosting crypto sector business in the island state of Bahrain as digital asset innovation continues to be rolled out.

India’s RBI Cites Stablecoin Risks With Call for Global RegulationIn its latest Financial Stability Report released on Wednesday, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) expressed concerns about the potential harm stablecoins could inflict on emerging markets and developing economies (EMDE).Photo by rupixen.com on UnsplashPerennial criticThe RBI has been a consistent critic of cryptocurrencies, but particularly so in the case of stablecoins, from an EMDE perspective. However, the lack of authenticated data and inherent data gaps in the crypto ecosystem hindered a comprehensive assessment of financial stability risks.According to the report, one of the ways stablecoins could pose a threat to an EMDE is through currency substitution. Since the underlying assets of stablecoins are generally denominated in freely convertible foreign currencies, the widespread adoption of stablecoins could lead to currency mismatches on the balance sheets of banks, firms, and households, resulting in an increased risk to the economy.Monetary policy headacheFurthermore, the presence of stablecoins in the economy could create challenges for an EMDE’s central bank in setting domestic interest rates and managing liquidity conditions. The decentralized, borderless, and pseudonymous characteristics of crypto-assets make them potentially attractive instruments for circumventing capital flow management measures.Another concern highlighted by the RBI is that stablecoins could undermine credit risk assessment and interfere with banks’ ability to mobilize money and create credit by offering an alternative to the domestic financial system. Additionally, the report emphasized the difficulty in tracking peer-to-peer transactions, on the basis that they increase the potential for illicit activities.In light of these risks, the RBI reiterated its call for global coordination and regulation. It emphasized the need for a globally coordinated approach to analyze the risks posed to EMDEs compared to advanced economies (AEs). As India holds the G20 presidency, one of its priorities is to establish a framework for the global regulation of unbacked crypto-assets, stablecoins, and decentralized finance (DeFi).Establishing a CBDCWhile the RBI has been cautious about cryptocurrencies, it has shown more enthusiasm for central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). In November, the RBI launched a wholesale digital rupee pilot project. It followed that up in February with a retail digital rupee pilot project. In March, it signed an agreement with the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates to study a CBDC bridge aimed at facilitating trade and remittances.By calling for global regulation and highlighting the risks associated with stablecoins, the RBI aims to foster a safer and more secure environment for financial transactions while exploring the potential benefits of CBDCs in facilitating trade and remittances.As the discussions around stablecoins and CBDCs continue, we’re likely to see ever greater collaboration between regulators, policymakers, and international organizations with a view towards establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework that addresses the challenges and harnesses the potential of digital assets on a global basis.