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China deepens crackdown on crypto and real-world asset tokenization

Policy & Regulation·February 09, 2026, 7:12 AM

China’s central bank and seven other ministries have released a sweeping new policy tightening controls on cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and the tokenization of real-world assets (RWA), citing mounting speculative activity and risks to financial order, public asset safety, national security, and social stability.

 

The move builds on warnings issued late last year. At a Nov. 28 meeting on crypto regulation, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) reaffirmed that all commercial activities involving digital assets remain illegal, citing the proliferation of speculative trading that was complicating financial risk management. Officials said enforcement against crypto-related illegal financial activity would be stepped up to safeguard economic stability, and flagged stablecoins as a particular concern due to deficiencies in customer identification and anti-money laundering (AML) controls, as well as risks of fraud and unregulated cross-border capital flows.

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Crypto not legal tender in China

In the latest notice, regulators again stress that digital assets such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and USDT have no legal tender status in China and cannot circulate as money. All crypto-related activities—including trading, exchange services, token issuance, derivatives, pricing, information brokerage, and related financial products—are classified as illegal financial activities and are strictly prohibited. Overseas entities and individuals are also barred from providing crypto-related services to users in China.

 

The document further tightens oversight of stablecoins, warning that fiat-pegged tokens effectively perform some functions of sovereign currency. It explicitly bans the issuance of offshore yuan-linked stablecoins without regulatory approval.

 

RWA tokenization deemed illegal

Chinese regulators laid out a comprehensive framework addressing RWA tokenization, defining it as the use of blockchain or similar technologies to tokenize ownership or income rights of assets. Authorities say that domestically conducted RWA tokenization, or the provision of related services, may constitute illegal securities issuance, illegal fundraising, or unauthorized financial business, and is prohibited unless explicitly approved and conducted via designated financial infrastructure. Offshore RWA tokenization targeting Chinese entities is also banned.

 

The policy establishes a coordinated enforcement mechanism led by the central bank and securities regulator, involving development, industry, public security, cybersecurity, judicial, and foreign-exchange authorities, while placing primary enforcement responsibility on local governments.

 

Financial institutions, payment firms, intermediaries, technology providers, and internet platforms are ordered not to provide accounts, clearing, custody, marketing, IT support, or online access for crypto or unauthorized RWA tokenization activities. Companies are also prohibited from using terms such as “cryptocurrency,” “stablecoin,” or “RWA tokenization” in business registration or advertising.

 

China will continue its strict campaign against crypto mining, requiring all remaining mining projects to be shut down and banning the domestic manufacture and sale of mining equipment.

 

The document also tightens supervision of overseas activities by Chinese entities, requiring regulatory approval for offshore token issuance or RWA tokenization involving onshore assets or rights, and imposing enhanced compliance, risk management, and AML requirements on overseas subsidiaries of Chinese financial institutions.

 

The new rules take effect immediately and replace a notice issued in 2021, when China introduced a broad ban on crypto trading and mining, broadening the restrictions to explicitly cover RWA tokenization.

 

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Policy & Regulation·

Nov 12, 2024

Deutsche Bundesbank joins Singapore’s Project Guardian

The Deutsche Bundesbank, Germany’s central bank, has joined Project Guardian, a collaboration established in 2022 between the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the financial sector, with an emphasis on the use of asset tokenization to improve liquidity and efficiency within financial markets.Photo by Rachel Davis on UnsplashAssessing DLT technologyIn a press release published on Nov. 8, Bundesbank Executive Board member Burkhard Balz suggested that the central bank is aligned with MAS in that both central banks are interested in determining “how innovative technologies and concepts, such as distributed ledger technology (DLT) or blockchain, can be put to meaningful use in the financial sector.” In joining Project Guardian, the Bundesbank will take part in the Asset & Wealth Management workstream, testing an interoperable blockchain platform for tokenized and digital funds. While the German central bank has just announced details of its participation in Project Guardian, in a speech given at the Layer One Summit, an event which formed part of the Singapore Fintech Festival last week, MAS Deputy Director Leong Sing Chiong welcomed the Bundesbank, alongside the World Bank, to Project Guardian.  The MAS executive clarified that the Deutsche Bundesbank and the World Bank would join the project’s Policymaker Group. He outlined that the role of that group is to “help provide inputs on governance arrangements, guidance on how GL1 [Global Layer One] infrastructures can be developed in line with global standards, and advice on appropriate regulatory guardrails for tokenised asset transactions.” GL1 refers to an initiative that has been established to create the foundational digital infrastructure to facilitate tokenized assets. Cross-border collaborationThrough its involvement in Project Guardian, the German central bank hopes to strengthen cross-border collaboration, while at the same time, progressing matters related to the “standardisation and interoperability of digital assets.” In working towards the goal of standardization, MAS has published two comprehensive reports covering fixed income tokenization and fund tokenization. MAS believes that the use of too many individual private DLT networks is resulting in fragmentation, with a detrimental effect with regard to liquidity. Consequently, the Singaporean central bank is establishing the Guardian Wholesale Network to improve liquidity and achieve asset tokenization at scale. The network will consist of Citi, Schroders, Standard Chartered, UOB and HSBC. Additionally, it was recently announced that SBI Digital Markets, a Singapore-based affiliate company of Japan’s SBI Digital Asset Holdings (SBI DAH), intends to contribute towards greater liquidity through its involvement in a fixed income asset tokenization pilot. Meanwhile, Citi and Fidelity have developed a proof of concept for a digital foreign exchange (FX) swap, enabled within an on-chain money market fund (MMF).  Tokenization inflection pointLeong went on to claim that while nobody has succeeded yet in implementing tokenization at scale, an inflection point has been reached with regard to the use of tokenization. He added that many use cases are promising relative to tokenization but that there is a need for supporting infrastructure “to enable good use cases to scale beyond individual networks.” In the press release, Leong said that the Bundesbank’s expertise “will be invaluable as we work together to enhance liquidity and efficiency of financial markets through asset tokenisation.”

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Web3 & Enterprise·

May 11, 2023

Shots Fired in New OKX Ad Campaign

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Web3 & Enterprise·

Nov 08, 2023

Bithumb Burrito Wallet teams up with Yooldo to expand blockchain gaming network

Bithumb Burrito Wallet teams up with Yooldo to expand blockchain gaming networkRotonda, the operator of the digital asset wallet platform Bithumb Burrito Wallet, and blockchain gaming platform Yooldo said Wednesday (local time) that they have jointly signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to expand their respective blockchain ecosystems and secure a global user base.Photo by Christian Wiediger on UnsplashService integrationUnder the new deal, Rotonda plans to integrate Burrito Wallet into Yooldo’s key decentralized applications (dApps), such as its first in-house developed game Trouble Punk, to build support for the expansion of its web game ecosystem. Users will also be able to use Yooldo’s governance token, YOOL, within Burrito Wallet, thus boosting its utility.Furthermore, they plan to actively collaborate on marketing endeavors such as events and campaigns to attract users.Rotonda mentioned its expectations for a successful collaboration with Yooldo as they share a common goal to make their respective services user-friendly. While Rotonda allows wallet holders to conveniently transfer assets and manage numerous cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in one platform, Yooldo is dedicated to building a sustainable Web3 gaming ecosystem that leverages blockchain technology to offer content, rewards and user-friendly UI and UX designs, making the transition from Web2 to Web3 a seamless process for gamers.Burrito Wallet’s commitment to growing the communityMeanwhile, Burrito Wallet has been at the forefront of expanding the digital ecosystem by promoting the widespread adoption of blockchain and supporting promising startups. The platform recently hosted a hackathon at this year’s Global Blockchain Incheon Conference (GBIC 2023) and is a contributor to Bithumb’s tenth-anniversary project — an entrepreneurship support program that aims to foster young entrepreneurs and startups with groundbreaking ideas.

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