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Asia diverges on crypto policy as China clamps down, neighbors embrace

Policy & Regulation·December 01, 2025, 2:47 AM

A regulatory divide regarding the digital asset sector is emerging across Asia. While China is moving to strengthen its prohibition on cryptocurrency operations to ensure financial stability, Central Asian states such as Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are increasingly formalizing frameworks to integrate and regulate the industry.

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China cites renewed crypto speculation

According to Reuters, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) has reaffirmed its prohibition on business activities involving digital assets, citing a renewed wave of speculation as a complication in managing financial risks. At a Nov. 28 meeting on crypto regulation, the central bank reiterated that commercial activity involving cryptocurrencies remains illegal.

 

PBOC officials stated that enforcement against unlawful financial operations tied to cryptocurrencies would be intensified to safeguard economic stability. The central bank identified stablecoins as a primary concern, noting that they fail to meet customer identification standards and broader anti-money laundering (AML) requirements. Officials warned that these assets could create vulnerabilities to fraud, money laundering, and unregulated cross-border capital flows.

 

Kazakhstan mulls $300M crypto move

In contrast to Beijing’s elevated oversight, Kazakhstan is exploring the integration of digital assets into its financial reserves. According to BeInCrypto, National Bank Chairman Timur Suleimenov indicated on Nov. 28 that the monetary authority is considering an allocation of up to $300 million into crypto assets. However, he clarified that deploying the full amount is unlikely.

 

Suleimenov explained that any potential investment would be drawn from the central bank’s gold and foreign-exchange reserves rather than the National Fund. He added that the National Bank of Kazakhstan intends to wait for market conditions to stabilize, citing recent volatility as a factor making the timing of such an investment uncertain.

 

The latest development comes after Bloomberg Law reported last month that the country is preparing to launch a crypto reserve fund valued between $500 million and $1 billion as early as next year. This proposed fund is expected to target exchange-traded products and industry-related companies rather than direct crypto purchases, with capital potentially sourced from repatriated assets and mining proceeds.

 

Simultaneously, the government is advancing physical infrastructure for the sector. In May, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev unveiled plans for a "CryptoCity" pilot zone in the Alatau development north of Almaty. Under this government-approved sandbox program, authorities are testing blockchain-based tools for taxation, investment, and decentralized identity systems, with the aim of positioning Kazakhstan as a regional hub for innovation.

 

Turkmenistan to launch licensing rules

Further deepening the regional trend toward adoption, Turkmenistan has moved to establish a formal legal infrastructure for the sector.  Another Reuters report said the country recently passed legislation to legalize and regulate digital assets, which President Serdar Berdymukhamedov has signed into law.

 

Scheduled to take effect on Jan. 1, the legislation creates a licensing regime for crypto exchanges and mining operations. A government spokesperson said the law spells out the legal and economic status of virtual assets, covering their creation, storage, circulation, and other functions, and aims to boost digitalization and draw foreign investment.

 

Despite their differing approaches, the three countries reflect a shared recognition of digital assets’ growing relevance in global finance. China continues to view cryptocurrencies as a source of systemic risk, while Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are testing whether regulation, licensing, and selective investment can deliver economic gains without compromising stability. Together, these diverging paths underscore a broader debate over whether engagement or exclusion offers a more resilient long-term model.

 

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Web3 & Enterprise·

May 10, 2023

Zero Two Enters Into JV to Develop First Middle East Mining Op

Zero Two Enters Into JV to Develop First Middle East Mining OpZero Two, a digital assets development company based in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has partnered with leading North American crypto miner Marathon Digital in a joint venture that will result in the development and operation of the Middle East’s first large-scale crypto mining facility.Photo by Manuel Geissinger on PexelsInitial capacity of 250 MWIn a press release issued on Tuesday, Marathon Digital outlined that the venture is focused on accelerating the global digital economy while also supporting Abu Dhabi’s power grid.To progress the project, the two companies have formed the Abu Dhabi Global Markets JV Entity (AGDM Entity). Initially, two digital asset mining facilities, with a combined capacity of 250 MW, will be developed.One site, at Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, will account for 200 MW of that capacity. The remaining 50 MW capacity will be developed at a site located in the port area of Mina Zayed. The strategy of the firms is to exploit excess network energy in Abu Dhabi. The firms see this as a win/win as increasing the base load of the Abu Dhabi power grid will result in a more sustainable grid. The companies intend to supplement any use of non-sustainably produced energy with carbon offset certificates.80/20 equity splitThe two firms have agreed upon an 80%/20% equity split, with Zero Two being the lead investor. In the initial development period for the venture during 2023, both entities will contribute resources to the joint venture in proportion to the equity division, in the form of capital, equipment and infrastructure.Zero Two and Marathon had previously collaborated on a pilot project with the objective of determining the feasibility of building a large-scale facility. Air-cooled miners have not proven to be a success in hot arid climates like that of the Rub Al Khali Middle Eastern desert.The upshot of the pilot program was a determination that a custom-built immersion-cooled system would be feasible. Mining equipment for the facilities is already on order while construction at the two sites is underway. Both sites are expected to go online before the end of the year with a combined hashrate of 7 EH/s.Ahmed Al Hameli commented on the joint venture: “This alliance leverages Zero Two’s regional expertise, expansive relationships, and growing blockchain infrastructure development and operational capabilities, with Marathon’s technical prowess in developing digital asset sites and innovative mining technologies.These synergies create a powerful combination and lay the groundwork for the success of this pioneering project in the Middle East. Marathon shares our commitment to actively supporting Abu Dhabi’s power grid and developing global digital assets infrastructure. We look forward to working with them on this venture.”Jurisdictional arbitrageMarathon’s CEO Fred Thiel said that Zero Two’s regional relationships were an optimal compliment. It may be both a timely and shrewd move by Marathon to develop this project in the Middle East region. In recent weeks the Biden administration floated the idea of a 30% crypto mining tax. Crypto mining is a global endeavor.That type of additional overhead would make it very difficult for North American miners to remain viable. By opening up new working relationships in other regions, the company may be in a better position to pivot should North America and the firm’s Montana-based mining facility become unsustainable.

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Web3 & Enterprise·

Nov 16, 2023

Circle introduces Circle Mint with zero-fee USDC minting

Circle introduces Circle Mint with zero-fee USDC mintingIn a move designed to enhance accessibility and compliance, Circle, the issuer of leading U.S. dollar stablecoin USDC, has introduced the “Circle Mint” facility.Singapore launchIn a recently published blog article on its website, the company outlined that the zero-fee minting service is set to launch initially in Singapore. In June, Circle Internet Singapore, the company’s Singapore-incorporated subsidiary, secured a Major Payments Institution (MPI) license from the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). In this most recent announcement, the firm indicated that given the MPI licensing award, it was most appropriate to launch the service initially in Singapore.Circle executives, alongside its co-founder and CEO Jeremy Allaire, were attendees at the Singapore Fintech Festival on Wednesday, an annually organized knowledge platform for the global fintech community. Taking to the X platform, Allaire stated:“It was an honor to host [Singapore President, Tharman Shanmugaratnam] with the @circle team at @sgfintechfest where we officially launched Circle Mint Singapore.”Photo by Mike Enerio on UnsplashCircle Mint facilityCircle Mint Singapore will attempt to strategically position itself as a trusted gateway to the world of digital currencies, emphasizing compliance with MAS regulations. For Singapore-registered entities, the facility offers a range of benefits.Rather than a traditional bank account, Circle Mint is a digital wallet that enables users to send, receive and store digital assets. There will be no minting fees as part of the offering. Customers will be able to take advantage of a zero-fee product offering for both the minting and redemption of USDC. The move eliminates additional risks and additional fees, as well as the ability to do away with the lengthy transaction times often associated with brokers and resellers.Circle Mint Singapore has been designed to align seamlessly with MAS regulations. In that way, the company can reassure its customer base that financial activities are conducted efficiently, securely and compliantly within the regulatory framework.Instant availabilityInstant availability is another feature that Circle is enabling through its Circle Mint product offering. Fiat funds from users’ bank accounts can be swiftly and automatically converted to USDC. That’s thanks to the instant settlement networks of participating banks. Circle Mint Singapore is also planning to expand access to regional banking rails for near-instant settlement, streamlining transactions for users.As digital currency adoption gains momentum in the Asia Pacific (APAC) region, Circle Mint Singapore’s initiatives have the potential to play a pivotal role in making digital currencies more accessible for businesses in this dynamic market.Asian market emphasisIn addition to this latest product offering, other recent activities of the global financial technology firm in recent weeks suggest that it has placed a strong emphasis on market growth in the APAC region.In September, the firm partnered with Southeast Asian super-app Grab. As part of that collaboration, Circle’s Web3 services platform is being integrated into the app to facilitate blockchain-enabled solutions. The move will see Grab’s 25 million users exposed to the facility of a digital wallet within the app.Similarly, the following month, Circle followed up with a deal with Taiwan FamilyMart, a convenience store chain, and the BitoPro cryptocurrency exchange. Once again, Circle’s Web3 services platform is being integrated, this time into the FamilyMart app, so as to enable the redemption of loyalty points in USDC.

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Web3 & Enterprise·

Nov 06, 2023

X-TICKET teams up with Catalyze Research for XRPL expansion

X-TICKET teams up with Catalyze Research for XRPL expansionSouth Korean Web3 performing arts platform X-TICKET has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Catalyze Research, a Web3 research firm and an official partner of Ripple, to jointly expand the XRP Ledger (XRPL) ecosystem and support the integration of Web3 into Korea’s performing arts landscape.Photo by Kanchanara on Unsplash“We are delighted to work alongside Catalyze Research. The XRPL ecosystem, together with XRP, is poised to play a significant role in bringing the Korean performing arts industry onto the global stage. We hope to create synergies through collaborations with Korean cultural performances,” said X-TICKET CEO Shin Yong-un.Leading a new era of event ticketingX-TICKET harnesses blockchain technology to provide digital collectible tickets for performing arts shows, including live musicals like “Cats” and “The Phantom of the Opera.” This service is expected to revolutionize the industry by preventing various problems that tend to occur with ticketing, such as duplication, loss and scalping, thus fostering a secure, transparent and efficient performing arts ecosystem. The platform recently launched its beta version and held a sales event for NFT tickets to “The Phantom of the Opera” shows.Pioneering Web3 solutionsCatalyze Research, on the other hand, specializes in Web3 and blockchain research and consultations. The firm teamed up with Ripple in July to expand the presence of XRPL in the Korean market — a decentralized, public blockchain for businesses and developers — and encourage participation in the XRPL developer community.“Catalyze Research is actively engaged in numerous collaborations to expand the XRPL ecosystem. We plan to implement blockchain technology into X-TICKET and the Korean performing arts sector to extend the ecosystem’s reach,” the firm stated.The partnership between the two enterprises represents a significant step forward in the intersection of technology and the arts in Korea.

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