Gaming Industry Pioneers to Gather at Korea Blockchain Week 2023

Strengthened KYC Spurs More Suspicious Transaction Reports from Korean Crypto ExchangesIn South Korea this year, there has been a significant surge in the number of suspicious transaction reports (STRs) related to cryptocurrencies, according to local news agency Yonhap.This increase is primarily attributed to cryptocurrency exchanges fortifying their Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures. This proactive response follows the controversy surrounding lawmaker Kim Nam-kuk’s significant virtual asset holdings, which were unveiled in May. His scandal came to light when a substantial amount of WEMIX tokens, valued in billions of Korean won, were transferred from the Bithumb exchange to the Upbit exchange. Upbit, deeming it a suspicious transaction, promptly reported the matter to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of the Financial Services Commission (FSC).Photo by ron dyar on UnsplashGrowing number of suspicious transaction reportsAs the scandal continued to gain traction, the political realm reached a consensus to conduct investigations into the cryptocurrency holdings of all lawmakers. Additionally, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea initiated the tracking of all lawmakers’ cryptocurrency holdings last month, a process set to span 90 days.Data received by lawmaker Yoon Young-deok on October 30 from the FIU reveals that the number of STRs originating from virtual asset service providers (VASPs) has reached 11,646 in the first nine months of this year. This figure has already exceeded last year’s total of 10,797 STRs.Under the current Act on Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information, commonly referred to as the Financial Transaction Reporting Act, VASPs are mandated to report to the FIU if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that a customer’s financial transactions are connected to illicit property, money laundering, or terrorist financing. The Act has been in full effect since October 2021.In 2021, a total of 199 reports were submitted under this Act. The number of reports surged to over 10,000 the following year, and in the current year, it continues to grow at an even faster rate. The FIU reviews and analyzes these STRs in accordance with Article 10 of the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. It forwards the relevant information to law enforcement agencies only when it is deemed necessary for the investigation of a specific criminal case.Enhanced but varied approaches by exchangesCrypto exchanges have bolstered their customer verification requirements, especially for customers deemed to have a high risk of involvement in money laundering, in accordance with the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. This entails the need for additional scrutiny of the source of funds and the purpose behind transactions. Notably, if customer verification appears suspicious, exchanges are mandated to confirm the authenticity of the information using reliable documents.However, it’s important to note that the enforcement decree accompanying this Act grants exchanges the flexibility to verify documents based on their own business guidelines. This autonomy has been provided to assist exchanges in effectively mitigating money laundering risks by taking into account their individual business rights and characteristics.For instance, Upbit, South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, has implemented a fraud detection system (FDS) powered by artificial intelligence to continuously monitor and identify fraudulent transactions. This initiative has earned Upbit recognition from the FIU as an outstanding organization for reporting suspicious transactions during the first half of this year.On the contrary, Bithumb has devised and applies internal guidelines dedicated to anti-money laundering (AML) measures. The exchange has instituted a streamlined customer verification process for customers who are assessed as having a low likelihood of being engaged in money laundering activities. However, this simplified process is not extended to individuals from countries that have not adopted the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).Korbit monitors information related to customer verification through a dedicated department. It declines transactions for customers who have not undergone sufficient verification and validation procedures.Coinone’s AML department examines customer transactions comprehensively. It maintains ongoing reviews of customer information, business operations, risk assessments, and the source of funds. If any of these aspects are found to be suspicious or inadequate, the AML department proceeds with additional customer verification, including the disclosure of the source of funds.Some raise concerns about the inconsistency in customer verification standards for AML and STRs across different exchanges. When one exchange flags a transaction as suspicious, another might see it as routine. Such discrepancies highlight the need for uniform guidelines. Addressing this, the Digital Asset eXchange Association (DAXA), consisting of Korea’s five leading currency exchanges — Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax — has set up an AML division to devise standardized rules for STRs.

MANTRA, a real-world asset (RWA) layer one blockchain built on Cosmos, recently outlined its vision for the on-chain financial ecosystem, outlining that it plans to acquire licensing in the Middle East and Asia as part of its efforts to expand. In a press release published on Chainwire on March 14, the company outlined that it has applied for licensing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in an effort to pave the way for MANTRA to target a global clientele who want to harness the potential of RWA asset tokenization. Issuing and trading tokenized RWAsAt the core of the Hong Kong-headquartered project’s offering lies its layer one blockchain, aptly named MANTRA Chain. The network is designed to streamline the issuance and trading of tokenized RWAs. Having established this technological product base, the company is now on a mission to onboard financial institutions and commercial entities with an interest in asset tokenization. With teams stationed in Hong Kong and the UAE, MANTRA has honed a full understanding of the shifting regulatory landscapes in pivotal regions. By securing its inaugural financial licenses in the UAE, MANTRA is aiming to take a slice of market share in the swiftly evolving RWA sector across the Middle East and Asia. The overarching goal for 2024 is to tokenize a diverse spectrum of assets, spanning real estate, private market funds, equity, art and treasuries.Photo by Sigmund on UnsplashIn an X social media post, MANTRA Founder and CEO John Patrick Mullin outlined that the company is already engaging with institutions and partners in the private sector. Mullin stated: “MANTRA is actively collaborating with real-world institutions and partners, including real estate, private market funds, private equity, the art sector, and treasuries, among others, to help bring these traditional asset classes onchain.” Mullin claims that the current crypto market capitalization of around $2 trillion is just a drop in the ocean by comparison with the potential that exists in the tokenization of RWAs and in unlocking the RWA economy. Hong Kong licensingAlongside the Middle East, Asia is the other target market for the company. Mullin suggested that Asian countries are already preparing for this fundamental shift, having developed RWA regulations. Last November, it emerged that Hong Kong was setting out a regulatory roadmap in respect of RWA tokenization. In February 2023 the Chinese autonomous territory achieved a first-of-its-kind tokenized green bond issuance.With that, the company’s home base of Hong Kong will also be central to its efforts to acquire relevant licensing. In recent weeks, MANTRA claims to have made significant progress in decentralizing its network, garnering validator support on a more broadly distributed basis. The project is expected to launch its final testnet, dubbed “Hongbai,” shortly. MANTRA is aiming to emerge as the pioneer RWA layer one blockchain with the capability to ensure real-world regulatory compliance. By expediting the adoption of tokenized RWAs, the project suggests that there’s an RWA economy value unlock potential of $16 trillion with its regulatory-ready blockchain being positioned to benefit from that. The network is gearing to offer a compliant framework, so that traditional finance (TradFi) companies can seamlessly transition to and harness asset tokenization and blockchain solutions, propelling global RWA expansion. 

Hong Kong's Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) has issued a directive for the Worldcoin Foundation to cease its operations within the region, citing violations of local privacy laws. The decision comes after the PCPD found that Worldcoin had improperly collected facial and iris data from approximately 8,302 individuals. The agency’s investigation included ten covert visits to six different Worldcoin locations between December 2023 and January 2024. According to the PCPD, the extent of data collection by Worldcoin was deemed "unnecessary and excessive" failing to adhere to the Data Protection Principles.Photo by Claudio Schwarz on UnsplashConcerns over data retentionThe privacy watchdog criticized Worldcoin for its intention to retain personal data for up to 10 years. This retention period was intended for training AI models for user verification processes but was judged by the PCPD to be excessively long, amounting to prolonged retention of personal data. Following the findings, the PCPD has issued an enforcement notice to Worldcoin, mandating the cessation of all its activities in Hong Kong. Privacy Commissioner Ada Chung has called on the public to report any ongoing operations by Worldcoin in the city. In response to growing international scrutiny, Worldcoin announced in March that it would halt the collection of personal data and is planning to introduce a new feature titled "Personal Custody," which would purportedly allow users to store their data on their devices. This change comes as Worldcoin faces additional challenges in other jurisdictions, including Spain and Portugal, which have also expressed concerns over the project's data collection practices. The project was also scrutinized in South Korea but it recently resumed services. As of now, Worldcoin has not provided comments regarding the recent regulatory actions.