Terraform Labs Co-Founder Indicted in South Korea

Terraform Labs Accuses Citadel Securities of Stablecoin SabotageTerraform Labs, the bankrupt Singaporean blockchain firm, is pointing fingers at American market maker Citadel Securities, alleging that it played a role in an orchestrated effort to destabilize Terraform’s TerraUSD (UST) stablecoin back in May 2022.In its pursuit of justice, Terraform Labs has now called upon the United States District Court in the Southern District of Florida to compel Citadel Securities to furnish vital documents concerning their trading activities during that critical period, when the stablecoin underwent a depegging crisis, now referred to as TerraUSD Classic (USTC).Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on UnsplashAllegations of intentional destabilizationThat’s according to a motion filed by Terraform in the United States District Court in the Southern District of Florida, earlier this week. As alleged by Terraform Labs, the catastrophic depegging event in May 2022, which saw UST plummet from $1 to a mere $0.02, was not solely due to inherent instability in the algorithm supporting the UST stablecoin. Instead, the firm contends that it was a result of the deliberate and collaborative actions of specific third-party market participants who engaged in “shorting” to trigger the depegging.Terraform stated in its motion:“Movant [Terraform] contends that the market destabilization that occurred did not result from instability in the algorithm underlying the UST stablecoin. Instead, Movant contends that the market was destabilized due to the concerted, intentional effort of certain third party market participants to ‘short’ and cause UST to depeg from its one dollar price.”The motion also alludes to “publicly available evidence” hinting at Citadel’s intention to short the stablecoin at the time of the depegging event. In particular, it references a Discord channel chat screenshot where a pseudonymous trader purportedly had a conversation with Citadel head Ken Griffin. Griffin allegedly remarked:“They were going to Soros the f*** out of Luna UST,” seemingly drawing a connection to George Soros’ trading strategies, which often involve highly leveraged, one-way bets.Citadel refuted allegations previouslyNotably, Citadel Securities has previously refuted allegations of trading the TerraUSD stablecoin in May 2022, according to Forbes.In its motion, Terraform refers to the importance of these documents for its defense in a lawsuit filed by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in February. The SEC lawsuit alleges that Terraform Labs and its founder, Do Kwon, played a significant role in orchestrating a multi-billion dollar cryptocurrency securities fraud.The motion concludes with Terraform arguing that its defense would be substantially hampered if Citadel Securities were to successfully withhold the requested information. In the event that the court fails to compel Citadel, Terraform has requested that the matter be transferred to the US District Court for the Southern District of New York.The matter has been the subject of debate within the crypto community in recent months. In May a community member stated:“As I’ve been saying. People blamed Citadel et al. This was nothing but a rug pull. Wake up. Do Kwon says the dissolving of Terraform Labs in Korea days before the $LUNA and $UST crash is ‘purely coincidental.’”With the matter now being raised in the courts, it looks like the legal system will be the final adjudicator regarding the issue.

Binance Expands Crypto Offering in Dubai with New LicenseDubai has welcomed one of the biggest players in the crypto sector, Binance, with the Virtual Asset Regulatory Authority (VARA) awarding the firm a new trading license.Photo by Petar Avramoski on UnsplashServing qualified investorsAccording to an announcement made by the company on Monday, Binance’s Dubai-based subsidiary, Binance FZE, has secured the operational Minimum Viable Product (MVP) license from VARA.Eligible investors in Dubai, deemed as “qualified retail clients,” will now have access to authorized services such as compliant crypto-to-fiat exchanges, adhering to the guidelines set by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). To qualify, investors must meet specific criteria, including being at least 21 years old and possessing a minimum of 500,000 United Arab Emirates dirhams ($136,000) in net liquid assets, supported by relevant documentary proof like bank statements and proof of funds.Additionally, qualified investors are required to provide valid identification documents, including passports and visas, along with proof of a valid UAE address and contact details. This comprehensive verification process ensures compliance with regulatory requirements and enhances security measures for all parties involved.Expanded service offeringThe move is a significant development as it allows Binance to offer cryptocurrency exchange and virtual asset broker-dealer services to institutional and qualified retail investors in Dubai.With the new license, Binance’s Dubai entity can now offer crypto-to-fiat exchange, conversions, transfer and custody solutions, brokerage facilities, as well as virtual asset payments and remittance services. The development builds upon Binance’s previous progress, having received the provisional MVP license in March 2022, followed by the preparatory MVP license in September 2022.Licensing challengesIt’s worth noting that some crypto exchanges have faced challenges operating with preparatory MVP licenses due to limited capabilities, only serving a restricted set of accredited investors. Bybit CEO Ben Zhou had previously highlighted this concern. That said, Zhou still came to the conclusion recently that the regulatory approach in the UAE is superior by comparison with many other jurisdictions.The news of Binance’s successful licensing comes shortly after VARA suspended the operational license of another crypto exchange, BitOasis, for not meeting required conditions within the set timeframes. BitOasis assured its commitment to fulfilling the remaining conditions in collaboration with VARA.In April 2023, VARA sought additional information from Binance, aiming to tighten regulatory standards in the emirate. Binance promptly provided all requested information and looked forward to further collaboration with VARA as it prepared for the next phase of licensing.Compliance with VARA’s framework includes adherence to compulsory rulebooks related to general operations, compliance, and market conduct requirements. The regulator has published key highlights of the regulations in 2023, underscoring its efforts to create a robust and well-regulated crypto market in Dubai.Regulatory headwindsBinance’s latest regulatory achievement indicates the exchange’s dedication to expanding its services and offerings in the region. It could potentially lead to something even more significant for the company in the Middle East as Binance has suggested that it would be more likely to expand in places such as Dubai, given an adverse regulatory approach elsewhere.Over the course of the past three months, the company has been forced out of key markets such as Germany, Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Cyprus, due to regulatory pushback.

While the crypto markets have not been immune to geopolitical developments, the sector in Iran experienced a more direct effect last week with a politically motivated $90 million exchange hack, prompting the authorities to introduce an exchange curfew. Blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis outlined on X on June 18 that Nobitex, Iran’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, had been hacked, with crypto assets to the value of $90 million having been drained from exchange-controlled wallets.Photo by Engin Akyurt on PexelsWeaponizing blockchain technologyThe hack had the hallmark of a politically-motivated attack given that rather than the digital assets being stolen, they were sent to vanity addresses, customized blockchain addresses involving user-defined sequences of characters. The vanity addresses contained “politically charged messages” and in sending the funds to them, the funds were effectively burned as they’re now permanently inaccessible.  The firm stated:”This incident highlights how crypto exploits aren’t always financially motivated. Bad actors can weaponize blockchain technology for geopolitical messaging, turning hacks into ideological statements rather than profit-driven crimes.” Pro-Israel hacker group Gonjeshke Darande, also known as “Predatory Sparrow,” appears to have carried out the hack, given that on June 18, it outlined on X that it would release Nobitex’s source code together with other internal information related to the firm’s internal network, while confirming that it had conducted cyberattacks against the company. The group made the following assertion:”The Nobitex exchange is at the heart of the [Iranian] regime’s efforts to finance terror worldwide, as well as being the regime’s favorite sanctions violation tool.” Rafe Pilling, director of threat intelligence at Sophos, a British cybersecurity company, told The Guardian that Predatory Sparrow “bears all the hallmarks of a false persona used by a government-sponsored threat group to conduct disruptive operations against targets” linked to the Iranian government. While Nobitex is estimated to have seven million users, an Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)-based investigation carried out in 2024 linked relatives of Ali Khamenei, Iran’s supreme leader, and other Iranian establishment figures to the crypto exchange. Minimizing systemic riskThe cyber attack has prompted a response from the Iranian government. In a blog post, Chainalysis outlined that the Central Bank of Iran has instructed all domestic crypto exchange platforms to curtail their service hours to between 10 a.m. and 8 p.m. The company speculated that this measure could be motivated by a desire to impose a higher level of oversight and control over the local crypto sector. However, it also suggested that it may be part of an attempt by the Iranian authorities to manage and minimize systemic risk. In recent years, Iran has been subject to extensive international sanctions applied by various entities including the United States, the European Union and the United Nations. Those sanctions have had a significant impact upon the country’s economy, triggering high inflation and currency devaluation.  With that, crypto has been increasingly viewed by the authorities as a means to circumvent sanctions. Last December, the Iranian authorities appeared to be working towards regulating crypto, embracing the asset class in acknowledgement of its growing importance to the Iranian economy. In February, Chainalysis reported that sanctioned entities worldwide had received $15.8 billion in crypto transactions in 2024.