Japanese cabinet approves crypto tax reform

Ribbon Finance Enables Altcoin Options TradingSingapore’s Ribbon Finance, a project that offers a suite of DeFi protocols that help users access crypto-structured products, has enabled altcoin options trading via its Aevo decentralized exchange (DEX).The Ethereum-based platform has begun offering options relative to cryptocurrencies beyond the top two of Ethereum and Bitcoin. Examples of coins that users of Ribbon Finance’s Aevo DEX can access as options include Lido’s LDO, Sui’s SUI token, APT, the token of high throughput proof of stake-based blockchain Aptos, the ARB token of layer two Ethereum scaling network, Arbitrum and Litecoin (LTC).Trading options on-chainThe Aevo DEX project took to Twitter on Monday to announce the development. The project has named the options product “Aevo OTC,” terming it as “the best place to trade altcoin options on-chain.” The firm claims that it’s the first platform to allow users “to trade altcoin options on-chain, in size, with institutional grade liquidity providers.”To kick things off, users will be enabled in trading these altcoin options across weekly, bi-weekly and monthly maturities relative to thirteen crypto tokens. The project plans to rotate the list of coins available for options trading every month depending upon what it deems to be the most popular coins on the market at a given time.Early service adoptersAs Aevo is a DEX, it will utilize on-chain margin systems. When a user buys an option the counterparty is required to post margin of approximately 30% of the notional trade size in the form of US dollar stablecoin, USDC. That procedure is all on-chain and transparent, enabled via smart contracts.Although officially launching the product today, Aevo OTC has been used in production for a number of weeks already. Both digital assets firm Galaxy Digital and crypto-native investment firm CoinFund have already been using the product to trade options.Other early adopters of the product include DeFi R&D and liquid crypto investment strategies firm Re7 Capital and crypto options and structured derivatives firm, OrBit Markets. In fact, Galaxy and OrBit Markets, alongside GSR, are acting as market makers for the product, enabling users to get instant quotes.Developing the crypto options marketThe development means that market participants can now strategize and take advantage of trading altcoins relative to specific events that may be fundamental to a project, such as Litecoin’s halving, for instance. At a later stage, the project intends to enable users in writing options contracts to include customized margins and a specified counterparty.The crypto options market is still at a very early stage of development. Deribit has been the dominant crypto options platform. Ribbon Finance’s service rollout broadens that market, extending options trading beyond the current limited offering of bitcoin, ethereum and solana.The product is more capital efficient for market participants as its portfolio margin system calculates real-time margin requirements, in that way offsetting money-making and losing positions relative to a particular portfolio.Photo by Shubham Dhage on Unsplash

Bank of Japan Publishes Results of CBDC PoCThe Bank of Japan (BoJ) recently concluded the second phase of its central bank digital currency (CBDC) proof of concept (PoC) project, which began in April. The results of this phase were published on Monday, and they shed light on key aspects such as the comparison between account-based and token-based CBDCs and the management of holding limits for users with multiple accounts.Photo by Manuel Cosentino on UnsplashToken-based CBDCsThe experiments conducted by the central bank covered a wide range of topics. Among the most intriguing findings were the advantages and disadvantages of token-based CBDCs and how to effectively impose holding limits for users with multiple CBDC balances.Token-based CBDCs have garnered interest from various central banks, with some adopting the UTXO token model used by Bitcoin without the use of a distributed ledger. A UTXO or unspent transaction output, defines where a blockchain transaction starts and finishes. The Bank of Japan explored this model and analyzed its pros and cons.In the initial proof of concept, both account-based and token-based CBDCs were examined, considering scenarios where the central bank managed the ledger or shared it with intermediaries like banks. In the token-based model, fixed token denominations were used, similar to physical cash in countries like India, and a centralized ledger was employed. However, in the recent phase, the central bank utilized flexible value tokens similar to UTXO and shared ledger functions with intermediaries.The Bank of Japan favored the flexible value token model due to its ability to handle multiple requests simultaneously. However, it acknowledged that this model may require more technical resources compared to the account-based approach. Challenges may arise when implementing additional functions, such as holding limits, while maintaining optimal performance. The European Central Bank (ECB) also noted in a recent report that most payment providers are accustomed to account-based payments and would incur costs to adapt to token-based systems.Another significant aspect explored by the BoJ was how to impose holding limits when users have multiple CBDC balances through different intermediaries. The challenge lies in determining if the overall holding limit has been breached without compromising user privacy.Homomorphic encryptionOne possible solution discussed in the report is the use of homomorphic encryption, which enables computations to be performed on encrypted data without it first needing to be decrypted. That allows for the necessary checks without intermediaries accessing the specific data being checked. Although this solution may slightly increase processing time, it could introduce a higher risk of data inconsistencies.Alternatively, a simpler approach proposed by the central bank is to establish a per-account holding limit and a limit on the number of accounts a single user can hold, rather than imposing global limits. Ideally, users with multiple accounts would have a higher per-account holding limit compared to those with fewer accounts.Phase 3 underwayWith the next pilot phase already underway, the BoJ aims to test the end-to-end process flow and identify challenges related to integrating with external systems. Additionally, they are creating a CBDC Forum to gather input from the private sector, ensuring a collaborative approach to CBDC development.While investigation and research into CBDCs continues, the BoJ has said that it will make a final decision on CBDC implementation by 2026.

Upbit Accidentally Accepts Counterfeit APT Tokens, Initiates Retrieval EffortsUpbit, South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, is reported to have accepted deposits of counterfeit Aptos (APT) tokens, mistaking them for their legitimate counterparts. The exchange has been reaching out to the sellers of these tokens by phone, requesting their recovery. This news has been circulating in several online crypto communities since the afternoon of September 24 (Korea Standard Time).Photo by Kenny Eliason on UnsplashUpbit’s responsesOn September 24 at 15:47 KST, Upbit announced a temporary suspension of deposit and withdrawal services for APT due to maintenance on the APT wallet. Following this, at 22:32 KST on the same day, Upbit explained that system maintenance was undertaken after identifying an unusual attempt linked to APT deposits. The crypto exchange went on to announce that the deposit and withdrawal services for APT would resume at 23:00 KST on the same day.DeFi degenerates’ insightsIn relation to this incident, Definalist, a group of DeFi degenerates based in Korea, shared insights on X (formerly Twitter). The group stated: “It seems that during the process of reflecting $APT coin deposits, there was a failure to check the type arguments, and all same functions transfers were recognized as the same APT native token. … If all APT ecosystem tokens were sent to Upbit’s wallet, they would have been mistakenly treated as APT native coins.”Decimal place differenceDefinalist also remarked on the fortunate nature of the counterfeit APT token having six decimal places, in contrast to the authentic APT token’s eight. They noted that if the deceptive token had mirrored the genuine token’s decimal places, the market disruption could have amplified a hundredfold. Meanwhile, the value of the counterfeit APT tokens deposited into Upbit is estimated to be about KRW 20 million (approximately $15,000).