Japan Moves to Allow Startups to Sell Digital Tokens to VC Funds

Pakistan’s Ministry of Finance has signed off on the establishment of the Pakistan Digital Assets Authority (PDAA), a body which will be responsible for the implementation of regulations governing blockchain and the digital assets sector. In a report published by Pakistani English-language newspaper Dawn, the media outlet outlined that the Ministry of Finance has taken this step in an effort to embrace future innovation in the finance sector.  The new agency will be responsible for monitoring the operations of digital wallet service providers, stablecoin issuers, the development firms behind decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols, crypto custodians and crypto exchange platforms. Photo by Hamid Roshaan on UnsplashFrom crypto ban to crypto regulationIn October 2022, Pakistan was removed by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), a global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog, from its grey list. The following year, Pakistan’s Minister of State for Finance and Revenue, Aisha Ghaus Pasha outlined that banning cryptocurrency was a condition of the country’s removal from the FATF grey list. Accordingly, the South Asian country proceeded to ban digital assets, with Ghaus Pasha declaring that crypto would “never be legalized in Pakistan.”Despite the adverse position taken previously by the authorities in Pakistan where digital assets were concerned, in 2024 a survey carried out by Chainalysis revealed that Pakistan featured strongly in terms of retail-level crypto adoption. With this latest development, Pakistan is moving forward progressively with digital assets, albeit that it is doing so while being cognizant of the current requirements demanded by FATF related to crypto. The newly-formed PDAA will act to ensure FATF-compliant innovation, while striving for economic inclusion and the adoption of digital assets in a responsible manner. Regulating to lead crypto innovation rather than catching upPakistan’s current Minister for Finance and Revenue, Muhammad Aurangzeb, said that “Pakistan must regulate not just to catch up — but to lead.” He added that through the establishment of the PDAA, a digital assets regulatory framework that protects consumers will be created. Furthermore, he claimed that such an approach would attract global investment, putting Pakistan “at the forefront of financial innovation.”Another area of focus for the PDAA will be the facilitation of the tokenization of government debt and national assets. Pakistan runs an annual average electricity surplus of 4,000 megawatts. In 2024, total electricity generation was recorded at 92,091 GWh while demand weighed in at 68,559 GWh. With that, the Pakistani authorities want the PDAA to create the correct conditions that will lead to regulated Bitcoin mining operators utilizing this energy resource. Other objectives which have been set out for the new agency include encouraging the growth of startups aimed at building blockchain-based solutions at scale, the regulation of what is estimated to be a $25 billion informal crypto market and the provision of legal clarity within the crypto sector in Pakistan for both local and international investors. This latest positive development follows the formation of the Pakistan Crypto Council (PCC) back in February. That event signaled a policy shift in Pakistan with regard to digital assets. In March PCC CEO Bilal bin Saqib said that Pakistan was done sitting on the sidelines and that the authorities now want to see Pakistan develop as a “leader in blockchain-powered finance.”

Financial regulators in Hong Kong are moving towards the presentation of stablecoin legislation following the completion of a consultation process. In February of this year, that consultation process, which received 108 submissions from professional bodies and industry stakeholders, was completed. It was run jointly by The Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB) and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), culminating in the publication of the results of the process.Photo by Pat Whelen on UnsplashLegislative proposal publishedOff the back of that prior body of work, the regulators have now published a legislative proposal, incorporating responses to issues that were brought to light via the consultation process. The regulators concluded that going forward, stablecoin regulation should be considered primarily in terms of those stablecoin assets which operate on a ledger which runs on a decentralized basis. Additionally, no individual or unilateral entity should have the ability to tamper with or control those assets or the network upon which they exist. On this basis, the regulators intend to submit a bill relative to fiat-referenced stablecoins for consideration to the Legislative Council at a later stage in 2024. Before submitting any legislative proposal, the regulators plan to once again consult with stakeholders prior to finalizing any such proposal. As part of what they have set out thus far, regulators are looking to include a requirement for any stablecoin issuer to obtain a license in Hong Kong.  Reserve asset requirementsThey remain open to the idea that reserve assets backing an issued stablecoin could be held in an overseas jurisdiction. However, if the issuer is an overseas entity, it will be required to establish a local corporate entity in Hong Kong, with relevant management personal based within the Chinese autonomous territory. In light of feedback received during the consultation process, the regulator is looking at reducing the attestation frequency that each stablecoin issuer will be required to provide via an independent auditor in order to verify that the stablecoins issued are backed by the requisite amount of liquid assets.  Such reserve assets must be segregated from the working capital of the stablecoin issuer’s business, with the HKMA expressing a preference for a trust-like structure following input via the consultation process. Furthermore, reserve assets must be deemed to be both high quality and highly liquid, which would include cash, bank deposits and government issued securities where counterparty risk is minimized. On the basis that the Hong Kong dollar is pegged to the U.S. dollar, the regulator is content to allow issuers to use USD-denominated reserve assets if they prefer to do so. The legislative proposal also stipulates the need for issuers to have a minimum share capital of HK$25 million or 1% of the value of stablecoin in circulation.  The HKMA foresees crypto exchanges, securities firms and regulated banks having the ability to offer stablecoins to customers, so such offerings won’t be confined to dedicated stablecoin issuers.Back in March the HKMA introduced a stablecoin sandbox with a view towards learning what works best from a regulatory standpoint. It’s understood that a list of participants will be announced in the near future. Participating entities will be able to issue stablecoins in Hong Kong within that controlled sandbox environment, prior to full scale implementation once stablecoin regulation has been fully legislated for.

Abu Dhabi Approves M2 for Crypto ServicesM2, a virtual asset firm based within Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) in Abu Dhabi, has received authorization from the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) to establish a multilateral crypto trading facility in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) capital.This pivotal development, announced on Wednesday, allows M2 to provide both retail and institutional clients in the region with the capability to engage in activities such as purchasing, selling, and safeguarding digital assets, including Bitcoin.Photo by Jametlene Reskp on Unsplash2023 platform launchScheduled for a launch later in 2023, the M2 platform’s creation has been a year-long process, designed to cultivate trust, security, and integrity within the burgeoning virtual asset landscape. The company’s mission is to empower users with access to the highest level of services, including the ability to transact with cryptocurrencies using fiat currency and tap into derivative and yield offerings.Stefan Kimmil, the CEO of M2, acknowledged the significance of this regulatory milestone:“The process of obtaining the license is the first step on our journey, and we will remain in close dialogue with ADGM to ensure transparency around the custody of client assets.”Kimmil also expressed M2’s commitment to maintaining the high industry standards, as the UAE solidifies its position as a global front-runner in the virtual asset realm.Founded earlier this year, M2 claims to have a depth of credible expertise driving it, with executives having joined the firm from traditional finance giants such as Deutsche Bank, JP Morgan, and Goldman Sachs.Progressive regulationThe FSRA has taken a forward-thinking approach to digital asset regulation, having introduced a comprehensive framework for virtual assets in 2018. This framework has not only attracted numerous major cryptocurrency-focused companies to establish operations within its regulated financial and economic zone but has also fostered the region’s digital asset landscape.ADGM CEO Salem Al Darei underscored the organization’s mission of driving growth and investment opportunities in the virtual asset sector: “We remain committed to enhancing Abu Dhabi’s digital asset landscape and actively supporting the diversification of our thriving economy.”This sentiment is well-aligned with the broader vision of expanding the digital horizons of the UAE. The approval granted to M2 follows in the footsteps of significant advancements in the UAE’s cryptocurrency landscape. In November 2022, cryptocurrency exchange giant Binance secured financial services permission, bolstering its presence in the region.Furthermore, Rain, a prominent cryptocurrency exchange that serves the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Turkey, and Pakistan, obtained regulatory approval last month to extend virtual asset brokerage and custody services to UAE residents.The emergence of M2’s platform points to the ongoing fostering of a dynamic virtual asset ecosystem that is currently ongoing in Abu Dhabi and the UAE at a national level. As the platform prepares for its forthcoming launch, it’s seeking to usher in a new era of accessibility, sophistication, and opportunity for the growing community of retail and institutional clients seeking to engage with cryptocurrencies in the UAE.