South Korean FIU rejects Hanbitco’s bid to become fiat-to-crypto exchange

Strengthened KYC Spurs More Suspicious Transaction Reports from Korean Crypto ExchangesIn South Korea this year, there has been a significant surge in the number of suspicious transaction reports (STRs) related to cryptocurrencies, according to local news agency Yonhap.This increase is primarily attributed to cryptocurrency exchanges fortifying their Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures. This proactive response follows the controversy surrounding lawmaker Kim Nam-kuk’s significant virtual asset holdings, which were unveiled in May. His scandal came to light when a substantial amount of WEMIX tokens, valued in billions of Korean won, were transferred from the Bithumb exchange to the Upbit exchange. Upbit, deeming it a suspicious transaction, promptly reported the matter to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of the Financial Services Commission (FSC).Photo by ron dyar on UnsplashGrowing number of suspicious transaction reportsAs the scandal continued to gain traction, the political realm reached a consensus to conduct investigations into the cryptocurrency holdings of all lawmakers. Additionally, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea initiated the tracking of all lawmakers’ cryptocurrency holdings last month, a process set to span 90 days.Data received by lawmaker Yoon Young-deok on October 30 from the FIU reveals that the number of STRs originating from virtual asset service providers (VASPs) has reached 11,646 in the first nine months of this year. This figure has already exceeded last year’s total of 10,797 STRs.Under the current Act on Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information, commonly referred to as the Financial Transaction Reporting Act, VASPs are mandated to report to the FIU if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that a customer’s financial transactions are connected to illicit property, money laundering, or terrorist financing. The Act has been in full effect since October 2021.In 2021, a total of 199 reports were submitted under this Act. The number of reports surged to over 10,000 the following year, and in the current year, it continues to grow at an even faster rate. The FIU reviews and analyzes these STRs in accordance with Article 10 of the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. It forwards the relevant information to law enforcement agencies only when it is deemed necessary for the investigation of a specific criminal case.Enhanced but varied approaches by exchangesCrypto exchanges have bolstered their customer verification requirements, especially for customers deemed to have a high risk of involvement in money laundering, in accordance with the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. This entails the need for additional scrutiny of the source of funds and the purpose behind transactions. Notably, if customer verification appears suspicious, exchanges are mandated to confirm the authenticity of the information using reliable documents.However, it’s important to note that the enforcement decree accompanying this Act grants exchanges the flexibility to verify documents based on their own business guidelines. This autonomy has been provided to assist exchanges in effectively mitigating money laundering risks by taking into account their individual business rights and characteristics.For instance, Upbit, South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, has implemented a fraud detection system (FDS) powered by artificial intelligence to continuously monitor and identify fraudulent transactions. This initiative has earned Upbit recognition from the FIU as an outstanding organization for reporting suspicious transactions during the first half of this year.On the contrary, Bithumb has devised and applies internal guidelines dedicated to anti-money laundering (AML) measures. The exchange has instituted a streamlined customer verification process for customers who are assessed as having a low likelihood of being engaged in money laundering activities. However, this simplified process is not extended to individuals from countries that have not adopted the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).Korbit monitors information related to customer verification through a dedicated department. It declines transactions for customers who have not undergone sufficient verification and validation procedures.Coinone’s AML department examines customer transactions comprehensively. It maintains ongoing reviews of customer information, business operations, risk assessments, and the source of funds. If any of these aspects are found to be suspicious or inadequate, the AML department proceeds with additional customer verification, including the disclosure of the source of funds.Some raise concerns about the inconsistency in customer verification standards for AML and STRs across different exchanges. When one exchange flags a transaction as suspicious, another might see it as routine. Such discrepancies highlight the need for uniform guidelines. Addressing this, the Digital Asset eXchange Association (DAXA), consisting of Korea’s five leading currency exchanges — Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax — has set up an AML division to devise standardized rules for STRs.

Key appointment sees Turkey’s central bank enhance crypto expertiseTurkey’s President, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, has taken a step in integrating blockchain and cryptocurrency expertise into the nation’s monetary policy by appointing Professor Fatma Ozkul to the central bank’s rate-setting committee.Photo by Engin Yapici on UnsplashIncorporating digital financial knowledgeThis decision, which became effective on Saturday, marks a significant move towards incorporating digital financial knowledge within the economic framework of Turkey.As part of Turkey’s economic strategy, President Erdogan has been restructuring the economic management team since his victory in the May general election. This reshuffling included the appointment of ex-Goldman Sachs banker Hafize Gaye Erkan as the central bank’s governor in June.That appointment led to a series of policy rate increases, totaling 3,400 basis points, bringing the rate to 42.5%. Further changes in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) occurred in July, reinforcing the trajectory of monetary tightening.Crypto credentialsProfessor Fatma Ozkul, a lecturer at Istanbul’s Marmara University, joins the MPC with a primary focus on accounting, finance and auditing. Notably, she brings expertise in blockchain technology and crypto assets, having conducted courses on these subjects. Her recent work has delved into the implications of blockchain and crypto assets on finance, culminating in the publication of a book on crypto asset accounting in 2022.While Ozkul’s appointment may not immediately alter the current monetary policy direction, it reflects an understanding of the need to incorporate digital financial tools when formulating economic and monetary policy. Her extensive knowledge in digital finance is expected to contribute significantly to the process of setting benchmark interest rates, a critical instrument in controlling inflation within Turkey.President Erdogan’s emphasis on digital banking aligns with Turkey’s proactive steps in this direction. The central bank introduced a digital Turkish lira collaboration platform in 2021 and successfully tested digital lira transactions in late 2022. Additionally, the government is anticipated to submit a draft law regulating crypto assets in the coming year.Crypto adoptionThe political and economic climate in Turkey has shown a growing interest in cryptocurrencies, particularly Bitcoin. Chainalysis, a blockchain analytics company, reports that Turkey recorded nearly $170 billion worth of cryptocurrency transactions between July 2022 and June 2023, ranking fourth globally in terms of raw transaction volumes.A report by KuCoin earlier this year identified a noteworthy increase in the overall number of crypto investors in Turkey over the course of the past 18 months. That growth in adoption was found to be youth-driven. The importance of the Turkish market within the crypto sector is further evidenced by the recent revelation that the Turkish Lira is the most dominant fiat trading pair on leading global crypto exchange Binance.In response to this surge, the Turkish government has been working on cryptocurrency regulations, focusing on licensing and taxes. This regulatory move aims to remove Turkey’s name from the Financial Action Task Force’s “gray list” and align the country with global financial norms.As Professor Ozkul assumes her role, her expertise and input may well play a pivotal part in shaping Turkey’s evolving position and approach where digital assets, blockchain and cryptocurrencies are concerned.

Indonesia Set to Launch National Cryptocurrency Exchange in JulyThe Indonesian government is pushing forward with its long-awaited plan to introduce a national cryptocurrency exchange, which will be accessible to citizens in the coming weeks.Photo by Bisma Mahendra on UnsplashJuly launchAccording to a report from Tempo, Indonesia’s Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency (CFTRA), also known as Bappebti, has announced that the national crypto exchange will be launched in July.Didid Noordiatmoko, the head of Bappebti, revealed that all cryptocurrency transactions in Indonesia will be exclusively permitted through the national exchange. He confirmed that the agency has recently finalized discussions on stock exchange rules, which include the implementation of Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures. Noordiatmoko also mentioned that the exchange will offer trading services through an integrated application, which has already undergone testing by CFTRA.Plan delaysThe launch of the national cryptocurrency exchange was initially planned for June 2023 but faced delays, following a previous postponement from the original target of December 2022. The project gained traction in 2021 when a government-backed Indonesian telecoms company announced a partnership with Binance to develop a joint cryptocurrency exchange.According to the latest report, Bappebti intends to restrict cryptocurrency sales to local transactions while aligning with global market trends. Approval from Bappebti will also be required for cryptocurrency prices on the exchange.Bappebti has informed Trade Minister Zulkifli Hasan about the progress of the national exchange. Noordiatmoko stated that unless further instructions are received, Bappebti will proceed to issue the necessary permit, allowing licensed traders one month to join the exchange.As of earlier this year, Indonesia had around 383 tradable crypto assets and ten local coins, with an additional 151 assets and ten coins under review by Bappebti.Indonesia’s central bank has released a white paper outlining its digital currency plans and approved a law classifying cryptocurrencies and digital assets as regulated financial securities. It has shown a level of support for digital assets albeit with an eye towards maintaining strict control. It has taken the lead in classifying 501 crypto assets, including BTC, ADA, BUSD, DOT, XTZ, and SAND, as commodities, setting an example that other nations may follow.Crypto is not permitted as a means of payment in Indonesia and in May the Governor of Bali warned foreign visitors against using it as such.In 2022, Indonesia’s trade ministry reported approximately 14 million cryptocurrency traders, surpassing the number of stock traders at 9 million. Meanwhile, the total trading value fell from 859 trillion rupiah in the previous year to around 300 trillion rupiah ($19.2 billion).Indonesia has been supportive of de-dollarization initiatives and the aspirations of BRICS nations to promote non-US fiat currencies. In April, the governor of the Bank of Indonesia, Perry Warjiyo, announced the introduction of the Local Currency Transaction (LCT) as part of Indonesia’s currency diversification strategy, aligning with the BRICS countries.