Philippines to move forward with CBDC without blockchain

Tether Alters ToS in Singapore Restricting USDT RedemptionTether, the issuer of the world’s largest stablecoin, USDT, has made substantial revisions to its Terms of Service (ToS), which may have a significant impact on its user base in Singapore.News of the change emerged on Monday, with Dr. Julian Hosp, CEO of Cake Group, the project team behind Singapore-based Cake DeFi, taking to social media and providing a copy of an email from Tether’s Compliance Department, confirming the change. That notification read:”Tether has changed its terms of service to, among other things, restrict its onboarding standards. Corporates controlled by; another entities, directors, shareholders residing in Singapore are no longer permitted to be Tether customers.”In his commentary, Hosp stated that he wouldn’t be in a position to confirm “if redeeming $USDT into $USD is actually possible, due to being in #Singapore.”Photo by DrawKit Illustrations on UnsplashToS Change in ContextWithin the cryptocurrency ecosystem, eyebrows have been raised regarding the timing of Tether’s ToS change, as it has coincided with a major instance of crypto-related money laundering. Conversely, some argue that the issue could be specific to Cake DeFi. The DeFi protocol had been flagged for enhanced due diligence (EDD), suggesting that the modification in Tether’s ToS might potentially be a result of a partnership issue between the two entities.Stablecoins like USDT play a pivotal role in the digital asset ecosystem, serving as a bridge between the volatile world of cryptocurrencies and the stability of traditional fiat currencies like the US dollar. Any disruption in their usage can trigger a domino effect in the crypto markets.The cryptocurrency sector is grappling with regulatory uncertainties worldwide, and Singapore is no exception. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has been actively reviewing and updating its crypto-related regulations to align with international standards and mitigate risks to financial stability.The precise motive behind Tether’s decision to restrict USDT redemption for specific customers in Singapore remains unclear. Notwithstanding that, Tether’s Chief Technology Officer (CTO) Paolo Ardoino expressed the view that the matter is being misunderstood. He tweeted:Spreading FUD”Before spreading FUD [fear, uncertainty and doubt] it would be great if you guys did take a look at webarchive… This is Jan 2022…. And if you open the link below: Last updated: May 12, 2020… Again, take a moment to search and verify information before YOLO [you only live once] posting.”Clearly Ardoino is making the point that the ToS change is consistent with existing compliance policy which has been in place since 2020. Notwithstanding that, in reviewing related records, media outlet Protos found that USDT issuance and redemption after May 2020 demonstrate that the firm continued to do business with Singapore-based entities. The publication cited UQPAY specifically, a Singapore-based payments processor. It was found to have issued USDT between May 14 and May 18 in 2020.

China has inaugurated a new center in Shanghai dedicated to the international operation of its central bank digital currency (CBDC), the e-CNY, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) recently announced. The hub also launched three specialized platforms for cross-border digital payments, blockchain services, and digital assets, according to state-run Xinhua News Agency. The initiative is a key part of China's strategy to promote the digital yuan's adoption beyond its domestic borders. This effort aligns with a broader trend among BRICS nations, which have increased their use of the Chinese yuan for trade settlements. A Crypto Briefing report indicates that yuan-denominated payments accounted for roughly 24% of the bloc's trade transactions in early 2025.Photo by Edward He on UnsplashDifference between digital yuan and stablecoinsThe e-CNY, which functions without needing a bank account, is designed for daily uses like retail shopping, salary distribution, and transportation fares. While it cannot be converted into foreign currencies, its cross-border capabilities are being explored through the mBridge project, a multinational effort coordinated by the Bank for International Settlements. In contrast to the state-controlled e-CNY, privately issued stablecoins, blockchain-based tokens pegged to fiat currencies like the U.S. dollar, are also gaining traction. These digital assets, backed by reserves such as U.S. Treasury bills, are widely used for faster and cheaper cross-border payments and remittances. Hong Kong established a clear regulatory framework for stablecoins on Aug. 1, setting high standards for potential issuers. However, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) has stated that it does not expect to grant the first licenses until early next year. Yuan stablecoin in KazakhstanRecently, the HKMA had to clarify the status of stablecoin issuance in the region. According to the South China Morning Post, the monetary authority issued a statement refuting social media reports that the first offshore yuan-pegged stablecoin had been launched in Hong Kong. The company involved, AnchorX, later clarified on X that its yuan-pegged digital asset, AxCNH, was launched in Kazakhstan under a license from the Astana Financial Services Authority (AFSA). Despite its launch outside of Hong Kong, the AxCNH stablecoin is seen by some as part of Beijing's broader ambitions. Yang Guang, the CTO of Conflux, which provides technical expertise to AnchorX, told Reuters that the Sept. 17 launch represents an effort to leverage blockchain technology for international trade. Yang suggested that Beijing would likely support such initiatives if they facilitate commerce, noting that offshore yuan stablecoins could be issued without direct sign-off from China's central bank. Market analysts view China’s latest initiatives as part of a broader, multi-pronged strategy. Augustine Fan, head of insights at digital asset platform SignalPlus, described the stablecoin project as “another venue or trial to push the use of the offshore yuan,” adding that it also reflects the government’s cautiously positive stance toward blockchain technology. China’s stablecoin ambiguityAt the policy level, signals remain mixed. A Caixin report indicated that Chinese digital platforms, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and financial institutions in Hong Kong may face restrictions on stablecoin and broader crypto activity. In addition, branches of SOEs and major banks are unlikely to seek stablecoin licenses in the region. The English version of the Caixin article remains accessible, but Cointelegraph observed that the Chinese-language version has since been taken down.At the same time, official engagement is visible. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), a vice-ministerial institution under the Ministry of Science and Technology that oversees the National Natural Science Fund, earlier announced grants for research on stablecoins and the development of cross-border monitoring frameworks. According to the South China Morning Post, the foundation launched the study in response to concerns that unregulated circulation of private stablecoins, particularly those pegged to the U.S. dollar, could weaken capital controls and pose risks to the yuan. A clearer policy direction is expected once the results of this research are available.

Further Trials Required Before Determination of eHKD Launch DateThe Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) is taking a cautious approach to the launch of its retail central bank digital currency (CBDC), the e-HKD, stating that it will only go live once key stakeholders have gained sufficient experience to compete effectively in the payment sector.Photo by Jimmy Chan on PexelsAwaiting greater clarityIn an interview with the South China Morning Post (SCMP) earlier this week, Eddie Yue, CEO of the HKMA, revealed that initial experiments with e-HKD have shown promise, but the central bank is still waiting for greater clarity on technological, legal, and societal aspects. The CBDC trial began in May, involving 16 commercial banks, payment providers, and gross settlement platform Ripple, with a focus on exploring various use cases.Yue emphasized that they are still in the early stages of the trial process. The central question remains finding a use case that outperforms current retail payment methods in terms of safety, speed, or convenience.Programmable paymentsAmong the use cases explored in the pilot, programmable payments have stood out. This functionality allows consumer funds to be restricted for specific purposes. Bank of China (Hong Kong) has been at the forefront of this study, allowing select users to make payments using the test CBDC.The potential applications of the CBDC extend to tokenized deposits and tokenized assets, the aspect of the project which Ripple has involved itself with. The HKMA has shown interest in tokenization, especially after the successful completion of Project Evergreen, a blockchain-based bond issuance project.While the domestic use of the CBDC faces challenges, the HKMA is actively considering its role in cross-border payments. The HKMA has been involved in the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) mBridge pilot, which is expected to release a minimum viable product (MVP) by 2024. It’s working alongside the Bank of Thailand and the central bank of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on that project. Hong Kong and the UAE have been working towards strengthening financial cooperation in respect of crypto regulation.Following the achievements of the initial pilot, the HKMA is open to bringing in new participants. Rumors suggest that up to 20 central banks are closely monitoring the project’s developments.Collaboration with mainland ChinaRecent weeks have seen Hong Kong and China working on improving cross-border transactions. In July, it was announced that Chinese tourists visiting Hong Kong would be able to use their digital yuan wallets to pay for goods and services at select locations.Conversely, Hong Kong tourists visiting mainland China could use the digital yuan for retail transactions. A new upgrade will enable tourists to top up their digital yuan wallets using Hong Kong’s Faster Payment System (FPS) or major payment providers like Mastercard and Visa.While the exact launch date for e-HKD remains uncertain, the focus on practical use cases and technological advancements is expected to yield a robust and innovative CBDC for Hong Kong’s future. On the international front, the mBridge project is set to play a pivotal role in the broader adoption of CBDCs across borders, potentially revolutionizing global payment systems.