Report by Xangle and Tiger Research Explores Indonesia’s Web3 Potential

Sony Bank, a Japanese neobank headquartered in Tokyo, has applied to the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) to establish a new trust bank, Connectia Trust, as part of a broader expansion into digital assets. According to Sony Bank’s application, if approved, Connectia Trust would issue U.S. dollar–pegged stablecoins and manage the corresponding reserves. The entity would also offer non-fiduciary custody of digital assets and provide fiduciary asset-management services for certain affiliates.Photo by P. L. on UnsplashSony among 11 crypto applicants to the OCCSony Bank’s filing is among 11 crypto-related applications before the OCC, alongside efforts by Coinbase, Nubank, Paxos, BitGo, Ripple, and others. To date, only two banks have advanced through the agency’s charter approval process. In 2021, the OCC conditionally approved the conversion of Anchorage Trust Company into Anchorage Digital Bank, granting it a national trust bank charter. More recently, last week, Erebor Bank, backed by PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel, received preliminary conditional approval for its de novo charter. The initiative reflects Japan’s growing openness to cryptocurrencies, underscored by the government’s recent regulatory approval of the country’s first yen-denominated stablecoin. Fintech firm JPYC Inc. plans to launch “JPYC” this fall, pegged at 1 yen per token and designed for person-to-person transfers and retail payments, with plans for point-of-sale integration. The issuer targets up to 10 trillion yen ($66.7 billion) in circulation within three years. There are no limits on holdings or wallet transfers, while redemptions are capped at 1 million yen ($6,700) per user per day. Sony Bank has been building its Web3 capabilities this year. Its board approved a new subsidiary for blockchain initiatives in May, later renamed BlockBloom in August. Now operational, BlockBloom aims to connect fans and artists and bridge digital and physical experiences, as well as fiat and digital assets. Its ultimate parent, Sony Group, launched a blockchain mainnet called Soneium in January through Sony Block Solutions Labs, S.BLOX, and SNFT. Built as an Ethereum layer-2 network powered by Optimism’s Superchain technology, Soneium recently announced support for meco.fun, a SocialFi platform that enables creators to earn through memes, content, and NFTs. MUFG’s blockchain initiatives at home and abroadJapan’s top traditional banks are also expanding their involvement in digital assets, with a growing focus on stablecoins. An Oct. 17 Nikkei report, cited by CoinDesk, said Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG), Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, and Mizuho Financial Group aim to develop a unified system to issue and transfer stablecoins among corporate clients. Their first rollout will focus on yen-pegged tokens, followed by a potential dollar-based offering. According to an earlier report from Reuters, MUFG and nine other major international banks, including Bank of America, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, and UBS, are collaborating on stablecoins tied to G7 currencies. MUFG has additionally rolled out a blockchain-based business with Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities (MUMSS), which is offering bond security tokens and operating ASTOMO, a trading venue for retail investors that has debuted with tokens backed by real estate. The platform lets users invest from 100,000 yen (about $667) on their phones. In summer, MUFG’s trust unit, Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking, acquired a high-rise building in Osaka for more than 100 billion yen ($667 million), with plans to issue digital securities tied to the asset. The tokenization strategy would offer fractional ownership to retail investors long excluded from major real estate opportunities. Taken together, Sony Bank’s OCC application and Japan’s accelerating tokenization efforts signal a race among major financial and technology players to build compliant, scalable infrastructure for digital assets—both at home and abroad. 

Crypto Winter Halves Korean Bank Fee ProfitsLast year, Korean banks collected only half the amount in fees from crypto exchanges compared to the previous year, according to Korean news agency News1.©Pexels/PixabayDeclining bank fee profitsFiles submitted by the Korean Financial Services Commission to Yun Chang-hyun, a member of the ruling People Power Party, revealed that the five major Korean crypto exchanges paid 20.4 billion KRW (~$15.6 million) in fees to banks last year, which is a 49.4% decrease from the previous year’s 40.3 billion KRW (~$30.7 million). These exchanges (Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax) have established agreements with banks to hold real-name bank accounts, which is a legal requirement for exchanges that wish to conduct trades in Korean won.Banks that have provided real-name accounts to crypto exchanges saw an increase in fee profits from 2019 to 2021. However, due to a decline in market sentiment last year, trade volume decreased, resulting in a reduction of bank fees. Last year’s crypto winter is attributable to various factors, including uncertainties in the global economy and collapses of crypto enterprises such as Terraform Labs and FTX.Fees by exchangesIn terms of fees paid to banks by exchanges last year, the largest exchange, Upbit, paid 13.9 billion KRW (~$10.6 million) in fees to Kbank, a mobile banking service provider. Bithumb and Coinone paid 4.9 billion KRW (~$3.7 million) and 989 million KRW (~$750,000) in fees to NH Bank, respectively. It is worth noting that Coinone switched its bank from NH Bank to Kakao Bank last November, paying 72 million KRW (~$55,000) to Kakao Bank in the fourth quarter. Korbit paid 486 million KRW (~$370,000) and 19 million KRW (~$14,500) to Shinhan Bank and Jeonbuk Bank, respectively. Gopax partnered with Jeonbuk Bank to obtain its real-name accounts in April last year.Lawmaker Yun said it was apparent that partnerships were being forged between only a handful of banks and crypto enterprises. Current regulations have to be reviewed to encourage more banks to participate in various blockchain businesses, he added.

The government of Bhutan, the Buddhist kingdom nestled in the Himalayas, has partnered with cryptocurrency payment service Binance Pay to launch the world’s first national-level crypto tourism payment system. In a recent blog post, Binance outlined details of the collaboration. Alongside the government and Binance, Bhutanese digital bank DK Bank will also play a role. The payment system enables international visitors to Bhutan who also happen to be Binance account holders to pay for a range of services within the kingdom.Photo by Mariia Shalabaieva on UnsplashFacilitating spending of over 100 cryptosUsing the Binance app, tourists visiting Bhutan can use dynamic or static QR codes in order to complete secure transactions via participating merchants in real time. The system supports users in spending over 100 cryptocurrencies to pay for goods or services, including hotel stays, tour guides and entrance fees to touristic sites. Payment using these digital assets will be settled instantly in Bhutan’s sovereign currency, the Ngultrum (BTN), with that settlement facilitated by DK Bank. Binance also asserted that the initiative facilitates inclusion and innovation by enabling small businesses in remote areas to accept crypto and in that way, to go digital. Bridging ‘cultures and economies’Binance CEO Richard Teng said that the initiative not only advances the use of crypto in the tourism sector, it also sets a precedent for “how technology can bridge cultures and economies.” Teng added:“This initiative exemplifies our commitment to innovation and our belief in a future where digital finance empowers global connectivity and enriches travel experiences.” Damcho Rinzin is also of the opinion that the initiative adds value beyond just being a tourism-related payment system. He stated:“This is more than a payment solution – it’s a commitment to innovation, inclusion, and convenience.” Binance described the new payment system as the first of its kind to offer end-to-end crypto-based payments at a national level, in a fully integrated manner. It added that previous systems established elsewhere had limitations and that by offering real-time confirmations, near-zero fees and a regulatory-compliant bank handling settlements, this system overcomes past limitations. Early adopterWhile Bhutan appears to have established a world-first with this system, it is no stranger to being innovative related to crypto. The kingdom has amassed a Bitcoin holding with a value in excess of $1 billion. It has collaborated with Bitcoin miner and Bitcoin mining equipment manufacturer Bitdeer on crypto-related ventures. In January it was announced that the Gelephu Mindfulness City (GMC), a special administrative region within Bhutan, is moving forward with plans to hold Bitcoin, Ethereum and BNB, a digital asset that was created by Binance back in 2017, within its strategic reserve. Bhutan’s early interest in crypto hadn’t gone unnoticed by Binance founder Changpeng Zhao (CZ). Last November, CZ commented on the X social media platform, in response to the news that Bhutan had accumulated in excess of $1 billion in Bitcoin, that many countries will use Bitcoin as a strategic asset going forward. The following month he visited the kingdom, meeting with the King of Bhutan.  During a panel discussion at Token2049 in Dubai in April, CZ commented that Bhutan is already advanced in its efforts to implement a national Bitcoin strategic reserve.