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Saudi Arabia Looks to Diversify Through Web3Saudi Arabia is intensifying its efforts to diversify its economy as part of its ambitious Vision 2030 initiative. In a move away from its traditional reliance on oil, the kingdom is embracing cutting-edge technologies like blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) and is delving into the burgeoning gaming industry.That’s the view of Animoca Brands Co-Founder Yat Siu, who, in a recent interview with Cointelegraph, highlighted Saudi Arabia’s keen interest in Web3, emphasizing the country’s partnerships with entities like The Sandbox and Animoca itself.Photo by Hala AlGhanim on UnsplashDriving gaming growthSiu believes that Saudi Arabia is making a concerted effort to explore the possibilities of the new iteration of the internet, particularly in the realm of Web3 gaming and blockchain gaming, where asset ownership is verified on the blockchain. He stated:“I think Saudi [Arabia] understands the principle that Web3 gaming or blockchain gaming — the one that we actually prove the owner assets — is going to be the future of gaming.”While Saudi Arabia has yet to make a significant global impact in game and AI development, experts in the emerging field of Web3 believe that the kingdom’s investments in gaming could have far-reaching implications.The Boston Consulting Group reported that Saudi Arabia accounts for 45% of the region’s gaming sector, with a total value exceeding $1.8 billion. It also boasts one of the highest game revenues in the area, according to Ireland-based gaming content creator, Allcorrect.$38 billion gaming fundSiu is not the only one to believe in the efficacy of Saudi’s Web3 efforts. Poland-based Web3 gaming platform GameSwift also articulated a similar view recently. In a tweet thread published last month, the firm acknowledged the $38 billion gaming fund launched by the Saudi royal family.That initiative involves a Gaming Hub, the first incubator for esports in the world. The objective of the hub is to empower early-stage studios and provide an accelerator program for their growth, with direct investment going to top ten studios.Cryptocurrency uncertaintyDespite its understanding of the high-level concept of Web3, Saudi Arabia faces uncertainties regarding the integration of cryptocurrencies and virtual assets into gaming due to the absence of clear regulations. Siu explained that while Saudi Arabia is proactive in investigating cryptocurrencies, other regions like Hong Kong, Japan, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) offer more clarity on what can be done with crypto and Web3.Siu noted that Saudi Arabia is actively seeking information on best practices and strategies from experts like Animoca. To encourage Web3 adoption, financial literacy is key, according to Siu.He emphasized that users must have a certain level of financial literacy to fully embrace Web3, as it goes beyond traditional banking. Understanding the potential value of digital assets and their network effects is crucial for Web3 users.Saudi Arabia is not the only Gulf nation to pivot to Web3. Oman is looking to do likewise based on similar rationale — to diversify away from an oil-based economy. The UAE is also actively working towards creating the right conditions to nurture Web3 startup businesses.

Financial regulators in Hong Kong are moving towards the presentation of stablecoin legislation following the completion of a consultation process. In February of this year, that consultation process, which received 108 submissions from professional bodies and industry stakeholders, was completed. It was run jointly by The Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB) and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), culminating in the publication of the results of the process.Photo by Pat Whelen on UnsplashLegislative proposal publishedOff the back of that prior body of work, the regulators have now published a legislative proposal, incorporating responses to issues that were brought to light via the consultation process. The regulators concluded that going forward, stablecoin regulation should be considered primarily in terms of those stablecoin assets which operate on a ledger which runs on a decentralized basis. Additionally, no individual or unilateral entity should have the ability to tamper with or control those assets or the network upon which they exist. On this basis, the regulators intend to submit a bill relative to fiat-referenced stablecoins for consideration to the Legislative Council at a later stage in 2024. Before submitting any legislative proposal, the regulators plan to once again consult with stakeholders prior to finalizing any such proposal. As part of what they have set out thus far, regulators are looking to include a requirement for any stablecoin issuer to obtain a license in Hong Kong.  Reserve asset requirementsThey remain open to the idea that reserve assets backing an issued stablecoin could be held in an overseas jurisdiction. However, if the issuer is an overseas entity, it will be required to establish a local corporate entity in Hong Kong, with relevant management personal based within the Chinese autonomous territory. In light of feedback received during the consultation process, the regulator is looking at reducing the attestation frequency that each stablecoin issuer will be required to provide via an independent auditor in order to verify that the stablecoins issued are backed by the requisite amount of liquid assets.  Such reserve assets must be segregated from the working capital of the stablecoin issuer’s business, with the HKMA expressing a preference for a trust-like structure following input via the consultation process. Furthermore, reserve assets must be deemed to be both high quality and highly liquid, which would include cash, bank deposits and government issued securities where counterparty risk is minimized. On the basis that the Hong Kong dollar is pegged to the U.S. dollar, the regulator is content to allow issuers to use USD-denominated reserve assets if they prefer to do so. The legislative proposal also stipulates the need for issuers to have a minimum share capital of HK$25 million or 1% of the value of stablecoin in circulation.  The HKMA foresees crypto exchanges, securities firms and regulated banks having the ability to offer stablecoins to customers, so such offerings won’t be confined to dedicated stablecoin issuers.Back in March the HKMA introduced a stablecoin sandbox with a view towards learning what works best from a regulatory standpoint. It’s understood that a list of participants will be announced in the near future. Participating entities will be able to issue stablecoins in Hong Kong within that controlled sandbox environment, prior to full scale implementation once stablecoin regulation has been fully legislated for.

Hong Kong's spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) encountered their second day of net outflows since their launch on April 30. According to data published by crypto trading data platform SoSo Value, in excess of 90 BTC exited the Hong Kong ETFs on May 9. The data indicated that China Asset Management's spot Bitcoin ETF observed an outflow of 80.16 BTC, while the Bosera HashKey Bitcoin ETF recorded a lesser outflow of 10 BTC. Meanwhile, Hong Kong’s third spot Bitcoin ETF offered by Harvest Global registered zero flows.Photo by Dmytro Demidko on UnsplashThese daily net outflows follow a trend of net inflows that had developed in the preceding days, with the three ETFs collectively witnessing net inflows of 101.6 BTC on Wednesday and 99.99 BTC on Tuesday. As of Thursday, the three ETFs, managed by ChinaAMC, Harvest Global and Bosera with HashKey, held approximately 4,260 Bitcoin, with total net assets reaching $261.45 million, marking an increase from $247.7 million on the first day of trading. The total trading volume for the three ETFs amounted to $2.06 million on Thursday, a decline from $2.67 million the day prior and a significant drop from the $9.74 million recorded on April 30, according to SosoValue data. This recent outflow represents the second day of net outflows from these products since their launch on April 30.   The initial day of outflows occurred on May 6, with 75.36 BTC flowing out of the products. This marked the first setback for Hong Kong's Bitcoin ETFs following their launch on April 30.  The outflows on that occasion primarily stemmed from the China Asset Management Bitcoin ETF, while other Hong Kong-based products saw no flows. Potential Stock Connect additionMany commentators had expected these Hong Kong-based products to see inflows from mainland China. While that hasn’t materialized yet, Harvest Global CEO Han Tongli said that he doesn’t rule out the addition of its Bitcoin and Ether ETF products to Stock Connect.  Shanghai Hong Kong Stock Connect is a cross border investment channel that would open access to these products to investors that ordinarily invest in and trade products and equities listed within the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSEC). Tongli made the suggestion to the South China Morning Post (SCMP)  while attending the Bitcoin Asia conference. He suggested that such an addition is a possibility if all goes smoothly over the course of the next two years. U.S. product outflowsIn the U.S., spot Bitcoin ETFs also saw net outflows on Thursday, amounting to $11.29 million. Farside data indicates that the Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) witnessed a substantial $43.4 million redemption, marking its largest single-day outflow since May 2, totaling $17.5 billion in outflows overall. BlackRock’s IBIT has now accumulated $15.4 billion in total inflows. Additionally, other top-performing ETFs — Bitwise (BITB), Fidelity (FBTC) and ARK (ARKB) — also experienced inflows. In total, U.S. ETFs have witnessed $11.7 billion in cumulative net inflows.