Putin approves inclusion of digital ruble within Russian tax code

Dunamu, the operator of South Korea’s largest crypto exchange, Upbit, secured approval to renew its registration as a virtual asset service provider (VASP), ending 16 months of regulatory limbo that had clouded the domestic market.Photo by Daniel Bernard on UnsplashAccording to Newsis, the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) under the Financial Services Commission (FSC) granted the approval on Dec. 23. Industry participants view the decision as a stabilizing signal for the sector amid the country’s evolving crypto regulations. Under South Korean law, VASPs must renew their licenses every three years. Dunamu submitted its application by the statutory deadline of Aug. 21, 2024, but the review faced prolonged delays due to FIU staffing shortages and overlapping sanctions proceedings. Regulators had flagged Dunamu for alleged violations regarding customer due diligence and transaction restrictions, resulting in a 35.2 billion won ($24.4 million) fine. Prior to the fine, the FIU issued a disciplinary warning to Dunamu’s chief executive and ordered a three-month partial suspension of operations. Dunamu is currently contesting the suspension and warnings in court, with a fourth hearing scheduled for February 2026. Despite the ongoing litigation, the company stated it has addressed all regulatory issues and implemented measures to prevent recurrence. Market clarity fuels expansion, IPO ambitionsWith uncertainty surrounding the market leader resolved, observers expect other exchanges to feel emboldened to pursue expansion, including new business launches and potential initial public offerings (IPOs). Bithumb, the country’s second-largest exchange, is weighing a public listing as early as next year. Securing license renewal would bolster market confidence and expand the company’s strategic flexibility. Other major platforms, including Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax, filed renewal applications late last year. Each faces sanctions proceedings for alleged legal violations, leaving the market closely watching for FIU rulings. Exchanges recruit ex-regulatorsWith regulatory scrutiny remaining a constant challenge, South Korean exchanges are increasingly recruiting former senior financial regulators to navigate the legal landscape. Citing data from the FSC and the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS), Segye Ilbo reported that the flow of senior officials into the crypto sector has accelerated. Between January and November, eight former FSS officials at Grade 4 or above moved to crypto firms—well above the historical norm of one or two annually. Over the past two years, 16 former FSS officials have moved into the crypto industry, with nine joining Dunamu and seven moving to Bithumb. Industry insiders link the trend to the enforcement of the Virtual Asset User Protection Act in July 2024, which brought the sector under a formal regulatory framework. Exchanges are seeking the expertise of retired regulators to manage legal risk and strengthen government relations, particularly ahead of planned phase-two legislation focused on stablecoins. TradFi enters as systemic risks watchedAs digital assets move within official regulatory boundaries, traditional financial institutions are accelerating their entry into the sector. On Dec. 26, Korea Investment & Securities signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Bithumb to collaborate on asset management services, Yonhap News reported. The partnership aims to combine the brokerage's equities expertise with the exchange's digital asset capabilities to offer tailored products. However, the deepening ties between crypto and traditional finance have drawn the central bank's attention. In a Financial Stability Report released Dec. 23, the Bank of Korea (BOK) noted that the correlation between Bitcoin and the S&P 500 has increased since 2020. The BOK attributed this to the introduction of crypto-related financial products, such as ETFs, and increased participation by institutional investors and publicly listed companies holding crypto. Spillover risks in South Korea remain contained given the limited level of corporate participation, despite the government’s move earlier this year to gradually permit corporate crypto holdings. However, the central bank warned that greater institutional participation enabled by regulatory easing could intensify risk transmission. The report underscored the need for safeguards to insulate Korean equities from crypto-market shocks. 

Singapore High Court Embraces NFTs for Financial InvestigationsA recent decision by the Singapore High Court has seen it embrace non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in financial investigations. Financial investigation firm Intelligent Sanctuary, also known as iSanctuary, has been granted permission to attach NFTs containing legal documents to cold wallets linked to a hacking incident.This innovative approach, similar to the one used in Italy and the United States to deliver court summonses recently, signals a new departure in the application of NFT technology in the legal and financial world.Photo by Choong Deng Xiang on UnsplashMoving towards tokenized legal ordersLondon-based iSanctuary set out details of the court decision in a blog post published to its website recently. A pivotal moment in this scenario was the court’s issuance of a global freezing order encapsulated within soulbound NFTs, securely linked to the specified wallets. Soulbound NFTs are special types of NFTs which are tied to a user’s account. They cannot be transferred or traded.Although these NFTs do not halt transactions, they serve as powerful deterrents, notifying counterparties and exchanges about the wallets’ dubious past involvement in a hacking event.Monitoring fund movementsFurthermore, iSanctuary has unveiled an ingenious strategy to actively monitor funds leaving these wallets through the NFTs. This innovative method ensures a permanent and unbreakable connection between the NFTs and the wallets.iSanctuary recounted on its website that it was employed by a businessperson who had lost $3 million in crypto assets and was able to track the stolen funds successfully. Their method, which combines both on-chain and off-chain evidence, was presented by an iSanctuary senior investigator to the Singapore High Court. This led to the issuance of a worldwide injunction.iSanctuary’s financial and crypto investigators identified a series of cold wallets holding the proceeds of the crime, and the court approved their use of NFTs for service delivery.Mintable collaborationiSanctuary accredited Singaporean NFT marketplace Mintable as the creator of the NFTs. As reported by local news media outlet The Straits Times last week, this case revolved around a stolen private key and the alleged involvement of Singapore-based crypto exchanges in laundering the stolen assets. The fraudsters, purportedly from Singapore, are alleged to have orchestrated this saga that spans countries from Singapore to Spain, Ireland, Britain, and other European territories.Taking to X (formerly Twitter) to comment on the saga, Mintable founder Zach Burks stated:”Happy to help clean up the crypto space and move the NFT ecosystem into a realm of utility and away from the speculation of jpegs!”In a subsequent post, Burks highlighted further NFT-related innovation when pointing to a central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot program led by Mastercard that implicated the use of NFTs to stamp out fraud. Mintable supported that particular use of the technology within that project.iSanctuary’s founder, Jonathan Benton, emphasized the impact of the recent initiative, calling it a “game changer.” The approach enables swift action, allowing for the identification of illicit asset holders and expediting the issuance of civil or criminal orders, even red flags, within hours if necessary. It also demonstrates that NFTs can be put to good use, above and beyond speculative trading.

Newly Published CoinGecko Index Tracks Alleged Crypto SecuritiesKuala Lumpur-based crypto data aggregator CoinGecko has unveiled a ground-breaking index spotlighting prominent cryptocurrency tokens that the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has earmarked as potential securities.Through its “Top Alleged Securities Coins by Market Cap” page, the Malaysian aggregator categorizes a spectrum of cryptocurrency assets based on their market capitalization. At the forefront of this classification stands BNB, the native token of the Binance exchange and the BNB blockchain. It is closely followed by other prominent names such as Cardano, Solana, and Tron.Photo by Shubham Dhage on Unsplash$90 billion in valueThe alleged securities amount to a whopping $90 billion in value according to their combined market capitalization right now. Putting this in context, the overall market capitalization of the entire crypto market currently stands at $1.2 trillion, of which Bitcoin accounts for over half a trillion dollars. This estimation paints a vivid picture of the immense scale of the cryptocurrency market and the potential reverberations of regulatory interventions.CoinGecko’s index came to fruition in the first week of August, meticulously pooling the tokens that the SEC has previously classified as securities during legal proceedings. The decision to consolidate these tokens into a single index underscores the increasingly intricate interplay between the cryptocurrency market and regulatory frameworks.Lack of clarityWhen project teams and other market participants have asked for explicit clarity, SEC Chair Gary Gensler has frustratingly indicated that people need to make a simple determination based on the Howey Test — a historic securities case that has been used in the US to determine what constitutes a security. The case dates back to 1946, long before the onset of digitization let alone digital currencies.Another issue is that the SEC is simply expressing an opinion based on its interpretation of existing securities law and securities case law. Without legislation in the US, clarity can only be provided in the courts. This is a flawed approach, as market participants have to wait for actions taken by the SEC against crypto entities to be adjudicated in the US courts in order to get a better understanding of the legal standing of these assets.This comprehensive analysis provided by CoinGecko’s new index presents invaluable insights into the dynamic terrain of cryptocurrency regulation. It underscores the intricate dynamics between the digital currency market and the regulatory bodies that seek to govern it.Taking the regulation of derivatives as a case in point, their emergence led to a very messy process of arriving at regulatory clarity. The very same thing is playing out with digital assets. While it is imperfect, there is no doubt that clarity will eventually be reached.In the meantime, as the US fumbles where digital assets are concerned, regional authorities in East Asia and the Middle East are capitalizing on US regulatory shortcomings, implying that we will likely see further growth in crypto and Web3 in these locations until the US recovers.