Turkey considers limited tax on crypto transactions, not profits

OKX Ventures, the investment wing of the Seychelles-based cryptocurrency exchange OKX, has disclosed a strategic A-round investment in Polyhedra Network. Details of the investment have been outlined through a press release published via PRNewswire on Tuesday. Specializing in the creation of Web3 infrastructure, Polyhedra Network places a premium on interoperability, scalability and privacy, leveraging advanced zero-knowledge (ZK) proof technology.Photo by Precondo CA on UnsplashInteroperability with privacyA ZK proof provides the ability for one party to cryptographically prove to another party that it possesses a certain piece of information without having to reveal the actual underlying information to the other party. Central to Polyhedra Network's product offering is its zkBridge protocol, a system facilitating trustless and efficient cross-chain infrastructure for both layer-1 and layer-2 interoperability. The protocol empowers the receiving chain to verify specific state transitions on the sending chain. This approach ensures robust security without external assumptions, effectively reducing the costs associated with on-chain verification. Polyhedra Network made an initial impact in 2023 with the launch of the "zkBridge Mainnet Alpha." That product enabled interoperability over 20 layer-1 and layer-2 blockchains, including well-known networks such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, BNB Chain and Arbitrum. Distributed proof systemThe innovative strides of Polyhedra Network, which was founded in the United States by James Zhang, Tiancheng Xie and Nikhil Shah, continued in 2023 with the introduction of deVirgo, a novel distributed proof system expediting proof generation. The deVirgo protocol also incorporates recursive proofs which trim on-chain proof verification costs associated with zkBridge. Last month, Polyhedra Network unveiled its Bitcoin messaging protocol with zkBridge, ushering trustless interoperability into the Bitcoin ecosystem through the use of ZK-proof technology. Asian backingBy championing entrepreneurs contributing to the blockchain industry's advancement, OKX Ventures is helping to build innovative companies, bringing global resources and historical experience to the forefront of blockchain projects. It is one of many Asia-centric venture firms to do so. Polyhedra has secured backing from Hong Kong’s Animoca Brands and HashKey Group, Singapore’s UOB Venture Management, NGC Ventures, Signum Capital and Foresight Ventures, alongside KuCoin Ventures. In an initial funding round in February 2023, the UC Berkeley team attracted $10 million in funding. By April, a pre-Series A round had raised a further $15 million. Dora Yue, the founder of OKX Ventures, expressed their honor in participating in the investment in Polyhedra Network's interoperability infrastructure. Yue lauded the creativity demonstrated by Polyhedra Network's team in developing advanced ZK-proof mechanisms, emphasizing the balance achieved between ZK interoperability and scalability. OKX Ventures, with an initial capital commitment of $100 million, is committed to supporting Polyhedra Network's vision of seamlessly connecting the Web2 and Web3 worlds, aiming to attract a more extensive user base to the industry. As the investment arm of the global crypto exchange platform, it dedicates itself to exploring top-tier blockchain projects on a global scale. Its focus is on fostering cutting-edge blockchain technology innovation, aspiring to support the healthy development of the global blockchain space and investing in long-term structural value.

South Korea’s National Police Agency will assign all 41 narcotics investigators recruited during the second half of the year to cryptocurrency-related duties, according to News1. The move follows the creation of a dedicated “Virtual Asset Analysis and Investigation Team” aimed at tackling drug offenses that use digital assets. To bolster skills, the agency plans specialist training for investigators from Sept. 29 to Oct. 2. Of the 41 recruits, 11 will staff an analysis unit and 30 will join field investigations. The analysis team, based at the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency, will handle crypto-related drug cases nationwide, generate intelligence, and support phishing probes involving digital assets. The investigation group will be deployed to five regional headquarters (Seoul, Busan, Incheon, southern Gyeonggi, and southern Gyeongsang) to target illicit crypto payment processors and the money launderers behind them.Photo by Scott Rodgerson on UnsplashLatest crypto seizure in UK drug caseThe push mirrors trends overseas. In the U.K., Devon and Cornwall Police said detectives seized £1.3 million (about $1.76 million) in cryptocurrency from Ryan Coleman, 36, who received a 15-year sentence after admitting to supplying cocaine, ecstasy, cannabis, and ketamine via the dark web. Police indicated the seized assets are expected to fund proactive operations and community initiatives, with half allocated to HM Treasury. Cartels turn to crypto in North AmericaNorth American authorities report similar challenges. In a January 2025 post, blockchain intelligence platform TRM Labs pointed to the growing use of cryptocurrencies by Mexican drug cartels and other transnational groups. It noted that an executive order signed by President Trump earlier this year allows U.S. law enforcement to freeze crypto wallets linked to these organizations. The post also outlined laundering pipelines that rely on Chinese money brokers, who convert U.S. cash into crypto for global transfers or for buying precursor chemicals. The scale of these flows is underscored by TRM’s September 2024 research, which estimated that Chinese drug-precursor manufacturers took in over $26 million in crypto in 2023, a 600% jump from the year before. In the first four months of 2024, receipts nearly doubled year-over-year. Roughly 60% of these payments were made in Bitcoin, 30% in TRON, and 6% in Ethereum. The analysis also noted that U.S. cryptocurrency ATMs transferred more than $170,000 directly to Chinese precursor vendors in 2023, modest in scale but valuable for investigators. Freezing stablecoins and tracing Chinese linksWhile targeted sanctions and blockchain tracing have disrupted parts of the network, traffickers remain agile, TRM noted. It underscored the need for continued vigilance, technological adaptation, and cross-border coordination. Suggested steps include freezing cartel-linked stablecoins, tightening U.S. cash-to-bank laundering controls, and using legal tools like the Patriot Act to trace Chinese firms and accounts involved in laundering. South Korea’s redeployment of personnel reflects this push to align national enforcement with evolving enforcement dynamics. 

Hong Kong is gearing up for the potential approval and implementation of both bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and stablecoin regulations in 2024, with further progress achieved through the first filing of a spot bitcoin ETF in the Chinese autonomous territory.Photo by André François McKenzie on UnsplashHarvest Fund filesHarvest Fund (HFM), a major asset manager based in China, has taken the lead by filing for a spot bitcoin ETF with the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFA), as reported by Tencent News. While details on the Harvest Fund bitcoin ETF remain limited, the company is hoping for its debut on or after the Lunar New Year holiday, which lands on Feb. 10. Reports suggest that Hong Kong's regulatory body may follow a path similar to the U.S. SEC, approving multiple spot bitcoin ETF applications to ensure fair market access. Although Harvest Fund was the first to apply, other regional financial institutions have expressed interest in launching similar products within the year. Livio Weng, Chief Operating Officer of crypto exchange HashKey, revealed that approximately ten asset management firms are developing spot crypto ETFs for Hong Kong, with applications already submitted to the Hong Kong Securities Regulatory Commission. Earlier this month, Venture Smart Financial Holdings (VSFG) announced its plan to launch a spot bitcoin ETF within the first quarter of this year, contributing to the growing momentum. Stablecoin interestIn tandem with the push for spot crypto ETFs, there is a rising interest in stablecoins. Multiple Hong Kong companies, including Harvest Global Investments, RD Technologies and VSFG, are reportedly engaging in discussions with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) about potential stablecoin trials. These trials aim to explore use cases ahead of anticipated stablecoin regulations in Hong Kong. The HKMA's December consultation paper outlined licensing requirements for fiat-pegged stablecoins, positioning them as a bridge between traditional finance and crypto markets. Sean Lee, senior advisor and head of stablecoin at VSFG, told The Block that it is committed to applying for sandbox inclusion, along with consortium partners, to showcase the potential of programmable digital money while meeting prudential requirements. An HKMA spokesperson confirmed ongoing preparations for the imminent launch of the stablecoin sandbox arrangement. The key criterion for applicants is a demonstrated commitment to a reasonable plan for issuing fiat-reference stablecoins (FRS) in Hong Kong. FRS refers to fiat-reference stablecoins pegged to the value of a fiat currency and backed by a government-issued currency, aligning with the most common stablecoin model. Eddie Yue, CEO of the HKMA, highlighted the potential of stablecoins, stating they could serve as the interface between traditional finance and the virtual asset market. The parallel development of spot crypto ETFs and stablecoin regulations underscores Hong Kong's commitment to fostering digital assets while ensuring investor protection through effective market oversight. Crypto ETFs offer expanded access, while stablecoin trials enable controlled experimentation, establishing gateways between traditional finance and the emerging crypto sectors.