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OmniBOLT to Support BRC-20 Tokens on LightningSingapore’s OmniBOLT, a project that’s developing technological solutions within bitcoin’s layer two network environment, has outlined that it will support BRC-20 tokens on Lightning Network.Before we consider precisely what OnmiBOLT's decision to support BRC-20 tokens means, let’s cover the backstory.Photo by Sander Weeteling on UnsplashBRC-20BRC-20 is an experimental token standard which was created by an anonymous developer with the handle “Domo”, and username ‘@domodata’ on Twitter. A token standard governs how and where a cryptocurrency can be used. The approach has been pioneered by developers on the Ethereum blockchain who created the ERC-20 standard a number of years ago, relative to the Ethereum network.A bitcoin evolutionIn this instance, BRC-20 is a fungible token standard designed for the bitcoin blockchain. Bitcoin development is very slow and conservative, and deliberately so, in an effort to put network security first. However, it has had two major upgrades over the course of the last few years, namely SegWit and Taproot.Many in crypto have been critical of the bitcoin project on the basis of it being a pet rock that lacked features and the flexibility to use it in other ways aside from as a store of value or means of exchange. However, those protocol upgrades have led to further development that is expanding bitcoin’s use case and versatility.SegWit and Taproot enabled the development of Bitcoin Ordinals in January 2023. Ordinals provide a means to create Bitcoin non-fungible tokens (NFTs), by attaching data to individual satoshis, the smallest denomination of Bitcoin. NFTs created this way are immutable as they’re not created on side chains but on the bitcoin blockchain itself.In a fast moving scenario, the development of Ordinals led two months later to the emergence of the BRC-20 standard. BRC-20 tokens can be stored on the bitcoin base-chain, built with the assistance of Ordinals. BRC-20 is an exciting development as it stands to enable smart contract capabilities relative to bitcoin.Solving the bitcoin fee issueMany see this development as a solution for the longer term fees issue that the bitcoin blockchain will have to overcome. Bitcoin miners are compensated in mining rewards but the level of rewards is being cut in half every four years. The concern is that in the longer term, there may not be enough revenue for miners to continue to secure the network effectively.With the development of Bitcoin Ordinals, more fees are generated, and so this is seen as a means through which the network can sustain itself over the longer term.Mempool backlogSo what’s not to like? The issue that has arisen over the past few days is that bitcoin transaction fees have hit a two year high. Over the past few days, there have been in excess of 400,000 unconfirmed bitcoin network transactions sitting in the mempool. The mempool is a mechanism within the bitcoin protocol that stores the data relative to a queue of transactions that are waiting to be confirmed.Relieving pressure on bitcoinThat brings us back to the significance of the Singaporean team of developers at OmniBOLT deciding to support BRC-20 tokens on the lightning network. That move can relieve the pressure on the bitcoin mainnet. The project is being backed by Waterdrip Capital, Danhua Capital, Redline DAO and others.Bitcoin has been a boring protocol and many have celebrated that fact as a feature and benefit for a network that serves a couple of vitally important use cases exceptionally well. However, development never stops and it’s fascinating to see another side to the protocol unfold, and all the while, it’s not entirely clear where it will end.

Japanese blockchain infrastructure firm Soramitsu has been contracted by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) to work on a pilot program for the digital Pakistani rupee. Pakistan originally announced its intention to pursue a central bank digital currency (CBDC) or digital rupee back in 2019. However, unlike other Asian nations such as China, Cambodia and Thailand, it has not taken much action to progress such a digital currency since then.SBP Governor Jameel Ahmad spoke at the Reuters NEXT Asia Summit in Singapore last month, outlining that the South Asian country was moving towards the establishment of a digital rupee and “building up [its] capacity” to launch it, and that a pilot project would be the next step. According to a report published by Nikkei Asia on Aug. 12, that pilot project is now underway.Photo by Hamid Roshaan on UnsplashCBDC specialistSoramitsu already has a wealth of experience in this field. In 2023, it signed a memorandum of understanding with the Laotian central bank to launch a proof-of-concept CBDC project, with the Tokyo-headquartered company going on to play a pivotal role in the issuance of Laos’ Digital Lao Kip.In Cambodia, it partnered with the National Bank of Cambodia to bring about the establishment of Bakong, Cambodia’s CBDC-like payment system. The company is also involved in CBDC projects in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, while spearheading a project aimed at enabling seamless cross-border payments among Asian countries. Japanese fundingIn the case of Pakistan’s pilot project, Soramitsu’s CBDC platform will facilitate the digital rupee while funding is being provided by the Global South Future-Oriented Co-Creation Project, an initiative from Japan’s Ministry of Economy that seeks to promote the formation of co-creation business models. Infrastructure, such as the internet and power, can be unstable in some parts of Pakistan. Consequently, the proposed CBDC will incorporate the ability for the user to transact with it using their smartphone, even if the phone doesn’t have an active internet connection. Digital transformationMasato Toriya, an associate professor at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies and an expert on Pakistan, outlined the behavioral change that would be required in getting Pakistanis in rural areas to use such a currency. He stated: “Many transactions in rural areas are cash-based, even for wage payments, and the rate of people with bank accounts is low."  However, cash-based systems have significant overheads, and it's thought that a CBDC could reduce such costs considerably. Last month, the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics published an article written by Dr. Ahmed Fraz, an assistant professor of finance with the organization, in which he claimed that the digital rupee pilot project is part of a “profound digital transformation” that Pakistan is moving towards.  Dr. Fraz asserted that a CBDC would enhance financial inclusion in Pakistan through the reduction of transaction fees, digitization of welfare payments and the financial inclusion of millions of unbanked citizens within the formal economy.He added that the digital rupee “is not intended to replace existing payment systems immediately but to complement platforms” and to modernize Pakistan’s financial architecture.

India’s Upcoming G20 Summit Bullish for CryptoThe upcoming G20 summit in Delhi, India, will mark the first-ever G20 summit hosted in South Asia. The G20 comprises 19 countries and the European Union. While the summit is focused on discussing critical issues related to the global economy, it will also include discussions on cryptocurrencies.©Pexels/Studio Art SmileCrypto policy precursor to mass adoptionRegulations and policy frameworks around crypto will be a significant topic of conversation at the summit, alongside discussions on international financial stability. India’s Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, confirmed that G20 nations are working towards creating an effective Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for regulating crypto during the summit.India has been taking a systematic approach to regulate the evolving crypto space, as evidenced by the nation’s evolving stance on cryptocurrencies and the recently launched central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot. With this in mind, the G20 summit in Delhi is expected to provide a platform for countries to discuss and collaborate on effective crypto regulations and policy frameworks.According to Gracy Chen, Managing Director of the Singapore-based Bitget cryptocurrency exchange, more work on policy relative to crypto in India is bullish for the development of the sector within the South Asian country. “India’s consistent growth in adapting to cryptocurrencies and forming newer policies around it has made it a hub for tech investments. With more development and a policy framework, we can expect higher mass adoption. The G20 summit will be bullish for crypto’s growth in India,” Chen told Indian weekly English-language news magazine, India Today.During the 2022 Budget discussions, the government of India proposed some significant changes to the taxation of cryptocurrencies. As a premium investment product, cryptocurrencies are known for their high volatility, and the government believed that they should be subject to a heavier tax burden. Specifically, they introduced a 30% tax on capital gains earned through the sale of digital assets, as well as a 1% tax on Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) for all crypto transactions.The tax on capital gains applies to all digital assets, and the government intends to track historical records to ensure compliance. Additionally, the 1% TDS is applied to every single transaction, regardless of its size or frequency. These changes were seen by some as a trial framework, and many in the crypto space hoped for greater leniency from the government in the future. However, it remains to be seen whether the government will revise these tax policies in the coming years.CBDC pilot projectsFurthermore, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently launched two CBDC pilots to test the feasibility of digital currencies in India. The first pilot is a wholesale CBDC, which is being conducted in collaboration with nine banks.The second pilot is a retail CBDC, launched in December, which is being tested in four major cities across India — Mumbai, New Delhi, Bengaluru, and Bhubaneswar. The goal of these pilots is to evaluate the potential of digital currencies in facilitating secure and efficient transactions, as well as to study the possible impact on the traditional banking system.By exploring both wholesale and retail CBDCs, the RBI is taking a comprehensive approach to CBDC development, which may inform future decisions regarding the adoption of digital currencies in India.Chen maintains that “discussions around cryptocurrency policy frameworks accelerate the possibilities of mass adoption in the region.” “With over 750 million internet users, India holds the potential to not just pilot but establish real-life crypto and blockchain use cases for the masses,” she added.