Hong Kong strives for crypto hub status through ‘ASPIRe’

Ethiopian Investment Holdings, the largest sovereign wealth fund in Africa, has announced the signing of a memorandum of understanding (MoU), which is suspected to involve a deal on Bitcoin mining. Deal uncertaintyTaking to LinkedIn on Feb. 15, the sovereign wealth fund outlined details of a partnership with Data Center Service, a subsidiary of Hong Kong’s West Data Group. Separately, Kal Kassa, CEO of Ethiopian operations at Hashlabs Mining, posted on the X social media platform, outlining that it was a stakeholder in the project and that it involved Bitcoin mining. The matter lacks full confirmation however, given that Kassa subsequently deleted his post while the sovereign fund’s statement falls short of mentioning Bitcoin mining. Once verified, the project would signify a substantial investment of $250 million. It’s understood that the investment would be directed towards the establishment of state-of-the-art infrastructure tailored for data mining and artificial intelligence (AI) training operations within Ethiopia.Photo by Kelly on PexelsExploiting abundant energy resourcesA key component of this venture may involve the setup of Bitcoin mining operations utilizing Canaan Avalon miners. This initiative would align with Ethiopia's broader strategy to capitalize on its abundant energy resources to attract international investment and stimulate economic growth.Ethiopia has about 5,200 MW of installed generation capacity, 90% of it coming from hydropower and the remainder from wind and thermal sources. While the official confirmation from the government is pending, the ambitious project has sparked both excitement and skepticism within the industry. Concerns linger regarding the energy-intensive nature of Bitcoin mining and its potential strain on the local electricity supply, an issue of particular relevance in a nation where energy accessibility remains a pressing challenge for many. Bloomberg reportEarlier this month, a report from Bloomberg highlighted Ethiopia as being a new haven for Chinese crypto miners. Following the imposition of a mining ban in China in 2021, many operations were redeployed overseas. Kazakhstan in particular was a popular choice. The Eurasian country wasn’t prepared for the influx, leading to power blackouts.Hashlabs Mining co-founders Jaran Mellerud and Alen Makhmetov both featured in the article. Mellerud outlined the difficulty, stating:“Firstly, countries can run out of available electricity, leaving no room for miners to expand. Secondly, miners can suddenly be deemed unwelcome by the government and be forced to pack up and leave.”Makhmetov outlined that he had a 10 MW facility in Kazakhstan which still sits idle today as curbs and taxes enforced in Kazakhstan on miners “basically killed the industry.” Despite these difficulties in Kazakhstan and China's official ban on cryptocurrency trading, the legalization of Bitcoin mining in Ethiopia in 2022 has spurred a notable influx of Chinese miners seeking new investment avenues. Ethiopia will need to be mindful of the difficulties experienced in Kazakhstan. With that, the Ethiopian government's move towards regulating cryptographic products, including mining activities, reflects a measured yet optimistic approach towards harnessing the economic potential of Bitcoin mining. This regulatory framework aims to strike a balance between fostering sector growth and safeguarding the country's energy security and environmental commitments.  

In a contrasting move to the recent approval of several spot bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), regulators in both Singapore and Thailand have turned down permission to list spot bitcoin ETFs.Photo by Dmytro Demidko on UnsplashBitcoin not a qualified assetAccording to local news media on Wednesday, Singapore's Monetary Authority (MAS) has announced its decision not to permit the listing of spot ETFs in the country. The MAS argues that cryptocurrencies, including bitcoin, do not meet the criteria for qualified assets within the context of ETFs. This regulatory divergence means that retail investors in Singapore won't see the introduction of spot bitcoin ETFs domestically. However, they still have an avenue to trade such ETFs as they can turn to local brokerages for access to overseas markets. Despite this allowance, the MAS emphasizes the need for these retail investors to exercise caution due to the inherent high volatility and speculative nature of cryptocurrency trading. A spokesperson from the regulatory authority clarified that while collected investment schemes (CIS), falling under the Securities and Futures Act regulation, include ETFs, they do not encompass bitcoin or any other cryptocurrency. Future potentialWhile MAS may be turning down spot bitcoin ETFs at this point, there’s potential for a change of heart in the future. The FIMA Bill is currently working its way through the city-state’s legislative process. If enacted, it would give broader regulatory oversight of crypto to MAS. Lasanka Perera, CEO of Independent Reserve Singapore, recently suggested that the bill could make an ETF more likely. Thailand says noMeanwhile, Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has stated that it currently does not plan to allow asset management firms to launch spot bitcoin ETFs in the country. Thai securities brokerage firms have been encouraging investors to consider investing directly in U.S. spot bitcoin ETFs. The Thai SEC clarified that while it closely monitors these developments, there is no immediate policy to allow spot bitcoin ETFs in Thailand. The regulator emphasizes that Thai investors can still engage in digital asset investments through domestic exchanges licensed by the SEC under the Digital Assets Decree. India, too, doesn’t appear to have been looking favorably on the potential for such products. The governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) said last week that “the way we look at crypto remains unchanged, irrespective of who does what.” Asian optimismIn the wake of ETF approval in the U.S., many industry commentators had suggested that Asia would respond positively. Australian venture capitalist Mark Carnegie has suggested that the developing bull market would be “an Asian story.” Yat Siu, co-founder of Hong Kong’s Animoca Brands, expressed the view that U.S. ETF approval would have a substantially positive impact within the Asian region. Hong Kong appears to be the most positive in the region in its outlook with regard to embracing spot bitcoin ETFs. Immediately following approval in the U.S., a Hong Kong legislator spoke out to encourage a proactive response relative to launch of similar products within the Chinese autonomous territory. Meanwhile, recent news reports indicate that spot bitcoin ETFs experienced substantial trading volume, accumulating $10 billion just three days after their approval in the U.S. 

Mox, a virtual bank in Hong Kong and a subsidiary of Standard Chartered, has introduced exchange-traded fund (ETF) trading for cryptocurrencies, marking a significant expansion into the digital asset space. The bank announced on Aug. 7 that it now offers its customers the ability to trade spot Bitcoin and Ether ETFs directly on its platform, making it the first virtual bank to do so.Photo by Florian Wehde on UnsplashExpanding crypto offeringsThe digital bank is also planning to broaden its cryptocurrency services. Future expansions may include direct purchasing and trading of cryptocurrencies in partnership with a licensed exchange. This move aligns with Hong Kong’s regulatory framework, which has been adjusting to accommodate and regulate crypto activities more robustly. Competitive pricing and user engagementMox is promoting itself as an economical choice for crypto ETF trading, with fees set at 0.12% of the transaction volume, with a minimum charge of 30 Hong Kong dollars ($3.85) for Hong Kong-listed spot and derivatives ETFs and $0.01 per share with a minimum of $5 for U.S.-listed derivatives ETFs. As of now, a local report reveals that 28% of Mox's customers engage in cryptocurrency investments, with 18% actively trading. The introduction of these ETFs is seen as a move to empower these customers to access emerging asset classes securely. Future aspirationsBarbaros Uygun, the CEO of Mox, expressed that the inclusion of crypto ETFs is part of the bank's broader strategy to set a global benchmark from Hong Kong. The bank aims to stay competitive by innovating and adapting to market changes. Jayant Bhatia, the bank’s chief product officer, hinted at more extensive plans in the crypto investment realm, although specifics on the timeline for launching broader crypto trading services were not disclosed. Despite the launch, the overall uptake of crypto ETFs in Hong Kong has been lukewarm. Bosera HashKey, ChinaAMC and Harvest Global, the issuers of the three spot ETFs in Hong Kong, have seen minimal activity with combined assets under management totaling just $236.3 million. The launch by Mox could potentially invigorate the market for crypto ETFs in Hong Kong as the region strives to become a leading hub for cryptocurrency in Asia.