Hong Kong’s Development as Crypto Hub May Soften Chinese Stance on Crypto

Dubai Increases Monitoring of Crypto License HoldersDubai is scrutinizing crypto license holders and license seekers more closely as a direct consequence of the collapse of Bahamas-based cryptocurrency exchange FTX, last year.On Wednesday Bloomberg cited people familiar with the matter who told it that Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) has recently requested more information on the ownership structure, governance, and auditing procedures of applicants like global crypto exchange, Binance.©Pexels/Aleksandar PasaricCloser scrutinyAll international companies seeking permits are being asked for similar information. This stricter approach is a potential problem for Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao (CZ), who lives in Dubai and has made it a central point of expansion in the Middle East. The Emirate is attempting to balance fostering innovation with proper oversight of an industry that has been the subject of high-profile scandals in the past year.According to Sam Blatteis, CEO of The MENA Catalysts, which provides government-relations advice to fintech multinationals expanding in the Persian Gulf, “VARA wants to turn Dubai into a capital for the digital-assets economy while safeguarding its business ties with Western jurisdictions like Europe that are adopting more muscular crypto regulations.”CFTC lawsuitIn March, the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission sued Binance and CZ for allegedly violating derivatives regulations, claiming the firm had inadequate compliance procedures. Binance expressed disappointment with the lawsuit.The company claimed at the time that it had provided all necessary information to VARA regarding its ownership structure and external auditor, as well as answering any other queries on a proactive basis. VARA officials are also seeking information on the ownership, auditing, and board procedures at the global group level of Binance.Steering clear of FATFDue to its size and complexity, addressing these queries is taking longer. Binance’s complicated corporate structure includes several holding companies, three of which are named in the CFTC lawsuit, and multiple local entities. In February, a senior executive said Binance was attempting to hire an auditor for its entire balance sheet.Dubai is trying to get off the “gray list” of global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). To that end, it has cracked down on unlicensed over-the-counter (OTC) crypto exchanges, according to anonymous sources. Dubai belongs within the United Arab Emirates (UAE), with the foreign ministry of the UAE declining to provide any comment on the matter to Bloomberg. Komainu, Hex Trust, GC Exchange and Crypto.com are the four companies, in addition to Binance, that are licensed in the UAE, with the former three having only Preparatory Minimum Viable Product (PMVP) permits.Hex Trust said that providing additional information on ownership, auditing and board procedures didn’t prolong the application process for its Operational MVP license. Laurent Girouille, the head of Komainu’s regional office in Dubai, said the regulatory requirements were stringent. Meanwhile, Binance is awaiting the launch of Binance FZE, which is audited by Mazars and has a board of directors, while it upgrades to an Operational MVP license before applying for a Full Market Product permit.

Cronos Labs launches zkEVM chain testnetCronos Labs, the developer behind the Cronos blockchain ecosystem, is charting a new path in the blockchain space by launching a zkEVM chain.From Cosmos to EthereumThe Cronos zkEVM chain is being launched in the first instance as a test network. The layer-2 blockchain will rely upon ZK Stack, the software kit developed by Matter Labs. In this way, the project will be extending its scaling roadmap from Cosmos to Ethereum. As Matter Lab’s SVP of Business and Operations, Marco Cora put it:“When we introduced the ZK Stack, we opened up the door for anyone wanting to build on top of Ethereum to do so by deploying hyperchains. Whether you’re building a specialized Rollup or a general purpose one, hyperchains allow you to tap into Ethereum’s extensive userbase base and liquidity while preserving its robust security and decentralization.”The journey began with the creation of the first chain in the Cronos ecosystem — a Cosmos appchain developed in collaboration with Singapore-headquartered crypto platform Crypto.com and launched in 2021. Subsequently, Cronos introduced an EVM-compatible chain in 2022, built using the Cosmos SDK. Notably, these new endeavors complement, rather than replace, the earlier established chains.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashThe product of collaborative effortsA significant development in Cronos’ evolution is the introduction of zkEVM, a result of collaborative efforts involving Cronos Labs, Matter Labs and engineering teams from stakeholders Crypto.com and existing dApp developers. The zkEVM testnet is a breakthrough, utilizing Ethereum’s Sepolia testnet and incorporating zkSync’s open-source prover, Boojum — a STARK-based zero-knowledge proof system known for its efficiency in the layer-2 rollup space, with low hardware requirements and fees.The decision to launch a native Ethereum chain stemmed from challenges in bridging EVM chains and bridging between Cosmos and Ethereum, according to Ken Timsit, Managing Director at Cronos. Timsit emphasized the richness and robustness of the Ethereum developer ecosystem for building DeFi and NFT applications.Native account abstractionHyperchains within the ZK Stack share components, including a native bridge to the Ethereum mainnet and zkSync’s trustless bridging mechanism, ensuring assets remain secured by Ethereum. The implementation of zkSync’s native account abstraction allows transaction fee payments in various cryptocurrencies, including Cronos’ native token (CRO).Cronos’ zkEVM is anticipated to progress to the mainnet in the second quarter of 2024, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of hyperchains.The landscape of hyperchains is expanding, with projects like GRVT and Tradable utilizing the ZK Stack. GRVT, a derivatives exchange, and Tradable, a tech firm focused on bringing private credit on-chain, exemplify the diversity and specialization within this emerging sector. Tradable aims to establish an institutional-focused hyperchain, potentially forming a decentralized chain alongside other institutional partners.Matter Labs views the zkSync hyperchain as a superior option compared to app-specific chains in Cosmos, emphasizing the scalability and security benefits. Hyperchains, a potential alternative to private blockchain frameworks like Hyperledger or Corda, offer technical scalability with the benefits of Ethereum. However, practical scalability remains a challenge due to cost considerations and the social coordination problem.

Do Kwon Out On Bail Following AppealDo Kwon, the South Korean Co-Founder of Singapore-headquartered Terraform Labs, has been granted bail in Montenegro following a court appearance last week.Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on UnsplashAppeal dismissalThe appeal brought by state prosecutors was dismissed by a Montenegrin court according to a statement released by the courts on Friday. The Basic Court in Podgorica confirmed that the State Prosecutor’s Office’s appeal against an earlier bail agreement was rejected, allowing Kwon and Terraform Labs’ chief financial officer Han Chang-joon to await further legal proceedings under house arrest in Montenegro.The court reinstated the original bail terms set during a hearing on May 12, requiring both individuals to pay 400,000 euros ($436,000) each to secure their release from custody. Kwon and Han are now under strict bail conditions and are not permitted to leave Han’s legal residence in Montenegro.According to the court statement: “The court appreciated the fact that they are persons who are not Montenegrin citizens, which is why it accepted their statements about the value of the property they own, which were supported by concrete evidence.”The Montenegrin court found, following the first appeal, that the original decision to permit bail was not based on a sound assessment of “concrete evidence.” That allowed prosecutors to overturn that original decision, which has itself been overturned to permit bail once again.Local police will closely monitor both individuals, and any violation of the supervision measures or departure from the residence will result in the forfeiture of the bail amount. To ensure compliance and discourage flight attempts, Kwon and Han provided personal and financial information to the local authorities, including evidence of property ownership and a sales contract for an apartment, parking space, and basement owned by Han. Kwon also submitted an invoice for a vehicle and bank account statements.Alleged fake passportsKwon and Han were arrested in Montenegro in March 2023 for allegedly using false travel documents while attempting to leave the country. Their original passports had been confiscated in South Korea in October 2022.The court acknowledged that verifying the authenticity of the Belgian passports and identity cards held by the defendants would require additional time. However, it deemed the agreed-upon bail amount sufficient to ensure their presence during legal proceedings.International interestDespite being granted bail in Montenegro, Kwon remains wanted in multiple jurisdictions. South Korean authorities seek to extradite him for investigation into the collapse of the Terra ecosystem, which caused an estimated $40 billion loss in the cryptocurrency market in June 2022. Interpol has also issued a Red Notice for Kwon in connection with the charges in South Korea, and he faces several fraud charges in the United States.The recent decision in Montenegro allows Kwon and Han temporary freedom while they await further legal proceedings. However, their legal troubles extend beyond Montenegro, with ongoing investigations and charges in South Korea and the United States casting a shadow over their future.The pair are due back to appear before a Montenegrin court once again on June 16. Prosecutors have three days in which to file another appeal of the latest bail decision.