BIS Collaborates with Singapore’s MAS, Bringing CBDC Pilot to a Close

EDUM – a blockchain project run by educational and professional services provider Jinhak’s subsidiary Dream Ladders – has signed a strategic business deal with Web3 firm Metaverse.Network (MNet), according to an article published by South Korean news outlet Maeil Business Newspaper on Friday (KST). Through this agreement, EDUM will be able to strengthen its Web3 platform to help promote effective learning and implement various services within metaverse parameters.Photo by Kelly Sikkema on UnsplashLearning for everyoneEDUM is a Study-to-Earn (S2E) blockchain project that aims to provide learners with affordable, high-quality educational services. Users will be able to earn rewards in the form of EDUM or EDUMP tokens when using different functions on the EDUM mobile application. EDUM is the project’s market-based utility token that can be cashed through external exchanges or even swapped with EDUMP, which has a fixed value and can only be used within the EDUM ecosystem. EDUMP tokens can also be used for purchasing NFTs or lectures on the EDUM platform. MNet’s technological prowessMeanwhile, MNet is a blockchain network operated from headquarters in Singapore. Backed by an Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and WebAssembly (WASM) smart contract playground, builders can develop Web3 decentralized applications (dApps) for Web2 users. Notably, it has secured an investment from global blockchain investment company Animoca and is a key technological partner of the blockchain platform Polkadot. "We will continue to expand the success story and ecosystem of the EDUM project through continuous partnerships with various companies," said Yoo Sung-won, CEO of Dream Ladders. EDUM also recently teamed up with layer 1 blockchain XPLA to expand blockchain-based educational services and increase the role that Web3 can play in various fields.

Sejong Telecom and Hyosung TNS to Collaborate on Real Estate Security TokensSejong Telecom said Tuesday that it has signed a business deal with Hyosung TNS, the infrastructure and finance arm of South Korean conglomerate Hyosung Group, to boost the profitability of its real estate investment service BBRIC and collaborate in security token offering (STO) services.Photo by Tierra Mallorca on UnsplashIntegrated servicesUnder the deal, Sejong Telecom will integrate the BBRIC platform into NFTtown — Hyosung TNS’ portal service dedicated to providing information, news, and educational content on non-fungible tokens (NFTs). BBRIC aims to expand its user base and modes of marketing by promoting its investment products, events, and services within NFTtown’s fractional real estate investment channel.Furthermore, users can conduct their transactions in a secure and convenient manner through BBRIC without paying intermediary fees. This promotion strategy is expected to ultimately increase profitability, BBRIC said.“Through this deal, we will create an ecosystem where anyone can readily find and compare information on fractional investments and invest accordingly,” said Park Hyo-jin, Head of Sejong Telecom’s blockchain division. “BBRIC will diversify its promotional and sales channels to create real estate financial investment products that are not only stable and reliable but also accessible to a wide range of customers.”Hyosung TNS’ venturesHyosung TNS is a leading player in the automated teller machine (ATM) market both in Korea and overseas. It operates in 46 countries, supplying a variety of financial automation solutions. NFTtown is part of the company’s blockchain endeavors, through which it plans to provide information about various security tokens, including real estate.

Korean Crypto Exchange Presents Bitcoin Forecasts for Three ScenariosRecently, concerns over a potential US default have heightened due to the ongoing disagreement between Republicans and Democrats in the US Congress regarding the necessity of increasing the debt ceiling. Democrats, along with the Biden administration, advocate for authorizing additional debt, while Republicans propose spending cuts.Considering the historical patterns observed in the US and the inherently political nature of this matter, it is improbable that the uncertainty surrounding the debt ceiling raise will endure for an extended period. In the past, when faced with a similar situation in 2011, the debt ceiling was ultimately approved despite significant political divisions. Particularly with upcoming elections next year and escalating concerns of an economic downturn, it is likely that a resolution to the debt ceiling issue will be reached soon.In light of these circumstances, the economic research institute at one of South Korea’s major crypto exchanges Bithumb released a report that outlines three distinct scenarios depicting the potential unfolding of the debt ceiling issue in the US. Additionally, it has offered insights into the potential implications for Bitcoin under each scenario.Photo by Shubham’s Web3 on UnsplashBipartisan agreement to increase the debt ceilingIn the scenario where the debt ceiling is promptly raised as a result of a significant bipartisan agreement, the US is anticipated to adopt an expansionary fiscal policy by issuing government bonds to prevent a default. If a debt ceiling deal is reached, it is projected that short-term bond issuance will reach a net amount of $1.4 trillion by the end of the year. There is also a growing consensus that medium- and long-term bond issuance may commence in the third quarter. Additionally, the possibility of interest rate cuts as early as the second half of this year entered the equation. In the long term, this could potentially lead to a depreciation of the dollar as market liquidity increases, thereby weakening the currency. It is worth noting that historically, the value of Bitcoin tended to go up when market liquidity rises.Debt ceiling disagreement and delayed negotiationsAnother scenario entails the failure of the two parties to reach an agreement and a subsequent delay in approving a raise to the debt ceiling. Should the debt ceiling not be raised in a timely manner, the US would potentially encounter an unparalleled default on its debt obligations. This default could trigger a severe credit crunch, resulting from international credit downgrades and a weakened global standing for the US. Such circumstances would further escalate the risk of an economic crisis.As the negotiations on the debt limit continue to be delayed, there will be a prolonged period of uncertainty in both Treasury issuance and secondary markets. This uncertainty poses risks to money market funds (MMFs) that hold a significant portion of short-term Treasuries, potentially resulting in losses. Consequently, there could be a shift towards reverse repo (RRP) transactions as investors seek alternative avenues. In fact, Treasury liquidity has recently exhibited signs of deterioration, with MMFs and RRPs garnering considerable attention in the market.Heightened concerns regarding short-term Treasuries could lead to a higher volume of reverse repo trades compared to repo trades. Repo transactions use Treasuries as collateral, whereas reverse repo transactions involve depositing funds with the Fed or lending money to the Fed in exchange for collateral, which often includes Treasuries, thereby earning interest. In such a scenario, market liquidity could become trapped in the Fed, potentially rekindling risks within the banking system.Given their sensitivity to liquidity conditions, crypto markets are anticipated to experience a temporary decline. However, Bitcoin has exhibited a historical pattern of appreciating in value as an alternative to the US banking system, especially during instances of small and medium-sized bank failures. In the event of prolonged negotiations and an escalating risk of a US default, the demand for safe-haven assets like Bitcoin might surge. As a result, Bitcoin could gain favorability as investors seek refuge in alternative assets amidst uncertain market conditions.Linking debt ceiling increase to spending reductionThe last scenario involves a conditional agreement accompanied by measures aimed at reducing the deficit, as proposed by Republicans. Given the longstanding concerns surrounding excessive US deficits, any agreement to raise the debt ceiling would likely be contingent upon fiscal consolidation and spending cuts. Notably, as of March 31, 2023, the US federal deficit is approximately 8% of GDP, a figure comparable to the 8.3% average observed in 2011 when the possibility of a US default reached its peak.While fiscal consolidation is necessary to ensure fiscal sustainability, unless the US significantly increases tax revenues, an increase in the debt ceiling may be negotiated at the expense of significant cuts to the national budget. In such a case, the US economy would inevitably experience the adverse effects of reduced government spending.The Republican party has put forth a demand of $4.8 trillion in deficit reduction over the next ten years as a condition for raising the debt ceiling. This figure translates to an average of $480 billion per year or approximately 1.8% of the current year’s GDP (as of May). However, it is important to note that in the medium to long term, reductions in government spending without complementary expansionary monetary policies have the potential to accelerate GDP decline. If Congress agrees to cuts in government spending, it could increase the probability of the Fed swiftly reversing its tightening policy. Unless the Fed halts its tightening measures, the likelihood of a US recession may become more pronounced.If the Fed decides to cut interest rates earlier than anticipated in response to the Treasury’s fiscal consolidation efforts, Bitcoin, which is known to be more responsive to long-term monetary policy, might be able to overcome the short-term downturn and experience an upward trend.The authors contend that at present, market attention is primarily directed towards the matter of raising the debt ceiling, taking into account the potential risks of a US default and the possibility of a bond rating downgrade. However, they believe it is unlikely that US politicians will make radical decisions in the run-up to next year’s presidential election.While the issue of raising the debt ceiling will have a short-term impact, the report argues that the main drivers of Bitcoin’s price in the medium to long term will be the Fed’s monetary policy and the occurrence of Bitcoin’s halving event.It is important to note that there is a time lag between the end of the Fed’s tightening measures and the halving of Bitcoin. In the short term, the price trajectory of Bitcoin will likely be influenced by factors such as the potential failure of additional small and medium-sized US banks (which is concerning given recent outflows of US bank deposits) and increased demand for safe-haven assets due to the delay in raising the debt ceiling. These factors will play a greater role in shaping Bitcoin’s short-term performance.