Kyrgyzstani President Embraces Hydro-Powered Crypto Mining

Kazakhstan sets sights on 2024 expansion amid CBDC pilot successKazakhstan’s central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital tenge, has completed a one-month pilot project, paving the way for significant advancements in business, regulation and technology in 2024.Photo by Nessi Gileva on UnsplashReal-world use through Onay cardThe National Bank of Kazakhstan (NBK) established the National Payment Corporation (NPK) in September. NPK is a dedicated entity that’s responsible for spearheading the launch and development of the digital tenge.At that time, the CBDC pilot phase had advanced to controlled environment use. Global exchange Binance has been actively involved with the project. It supported the pilot by way of its BNB Chain.During the pilot phase, the digital tenge played a pivotal role in providing free school lunches to children in Almaty, Kazakhstan’s largest city. The initiative utilized the local Onay card, initially designed for the transit system and transactions were facilitated by Kazpost, the Kazakh postal system operator.Local banking partnersNPC Chairman Binur Zhalenov became the first person to transact using the digital tenge in November. At the time, it was revealed that Eurasian Bank was one of the local banking participants on the project.Eurasian collaborated with Visa and Mastercard, alongside three other local banks, distributing plastic cards to focus group members. These cards empowered users to make both in-person and online purchases, with the added functionality of cash withdrawals from ATMs.Participating merchants were given the flexibility to accept digital tenge directly or convert them into “non-cash” tenge. The converted funds seamlessly integrated into existing point-of-sale (POS) and QR systems, demonstrating interoperability within and outside Kazakhstan.The success extended beyond local transactions, with further experiments involving cross-border payments via SWIFT, issuance of CBDC-backed stablecoins on platforms like Binance and the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange, tokenization of gold, value-added tax collection through smart contracts and the trial of a “move-to-earn” app.New objectivesWith an eye on the upcoming year, the National Bank of Kazakhstan and the National Payment Corporation (NPC) have set ambitious objectives. Plans include expanding the network of intermediary banks and advancing decentralized finance applications. A primary focus is on enabling offline transactions on a large scale to enhance financial inclusion in regions with limited internet connectivity.Anticipated developments also include increased participation in cross-border payment projects, such as Project mBridge, an experimental multi-CBDC platform being coordinated and developed by the central bank of central banks, the Bank for International Settlements. Regulatory and legislative goals are on the agenda, alongside efforts to enhance the security and processing speed of the digital tenge.While addressing privacy concerns, Zhalenov emphasized in interviews that the digital tenge will not be utilized for user surveillance. Previously, Zhalenov has also alluded to the versatility of the digital tenge due to its programmable nature, citing smart contracts in particular as having great potential.The successful pilot project and the ambitious plans for 2024 position Kazakhstan’s digital tenge as a promising development in the realm of CBDCs, showcasing the central Asian nation’s positive approach to innovation and financial inclusivity.

OKX Appoints Nomura Portfolio Co as CustodianSeychelles-headquartered OKX, the world’s second-largest cryptocurrency exchange, has partnered with Komainu, a digital asset storage firm backed by Tokyo-based global financial services group, Nomura, to provide digital asset custody services for institutional customers.This collaboration allows institutional users to store their cryptocurrencies within Komainu’s custodian while utilizing the funds for trading on the OKX exchange. The partnership highlights the trend of vertically integrated crypto exchanges adopting practices from traditional finance, employing third-party custodians to segregate operations and mitigate risks.Photo by Karolina Grabowska on PexelsInaugural Komainu clientAs the inaugural client of Komainu Connect, a regulated settlement and custody system for institutions, OKX now offers its customers 24/7 trading with a combination of cold storage, multiparty computation (MPC), and hardware security modules (HSMs). Lennix Lai, the Chief Commercial Officer of OKX, explained that funds deposited in a Komainu custody wallet are transferred to a Komainu collateral wallet, which is then linked to an OKX account. This integration allows for seamless balance mirroring and active trading across OKX’s extensive range of spot and derivatives markets.Asset custody optionalityIn a tweet posted on Tuesday, OKX President Hong Fang wrote: “We are agnostic re how customers want to custody their assets. Third party, platform, self-custody.”Komainu Connect’s collateral wallet, with full transparency to OKX, operates within a tri-party legal agreement involving Komainu as the custodian, OKX as the liquidity venue and provider, and Komainu’s client as the client of OKX. Sebastian Widmann, Head of Strategy at Komainu, elaborated on this agreement, emphasizing how it enables Komainu’s clients to trade directly on the exchange while Komainu handles the settlement requirements. This framework ensures a secure and efficient trading experience for institutional users.While specific details about the volume of assets to be transferred to Komainu were not disclosed, Lennix Lai stated that the amount was “significant” and expected to increase as both firms enhance their institutional product offerings. OKX believes in providing users with a range of solutions, including on-exchange, off-exchange, and third-party balance mirror custody options. By partnering with Komainu, the erstwhile Beijing-based exchange aims to expand its service offerings and cater to the evolving needs of its institutional clientele.Komainu was established in 2020 through a joint venture involving Nomura, digital asset manager CoinShares, and digital asset security company Ledger. The firm operates under regulatory oversight in St. Helier in the Jersey Islands and in Dubai, with offices located in London, Dublin, and Singapore. Its robust regulatory compliance measures and strategic partnerships position Komainu as a trusted custodian within the crypto industry.Market maturationThe collaboration between OKX and Komainu represents a significant development in the maturation of the crypto market. By leveraging Komainu’s custody services, OKX aims to enhance the security and reliability of its platform, mitigating potential risks associated with holding customer assets. This partnership also underscores the growing demand for institutional-grade infrastructure and services in the cryptocurrency ecosystem.As the crypto industry continues to evolve and attract institutional investors, custodial solutions provided by trusted and regulated entities like Komainu are crucial for fostering confidence and facilitating broader participation. The OKX-Komainu partnership demonstrates the convergence of traditional finance practices with the emerging crypto landscape, highlighting the importance of robust custody solutions and risk management frameworks in the digital asset ecosystem.

According to a report published on March 31 by Nikkei, a Tokyo-based financial news outlet, the Japanese authorities are gearing up to categorize digital assets as financial products, while in the process broadening the scope of insider trading restrictions. While the publication didn’t cite a particular source, it reported that the Japanese Financial Services Agency (FSA) is expected to file a draft amendment related to the existing Financial Instruments and Exchange Act in 2026.Photo by M.S. Meeuwesen on UnsplashFrom payment to investment productCurrently, Japan’s Payment Services Act categorizes crypto assets as a means of settlement. That categorization looks at these assets from the perspective of a payment tool rather than considering them as investment products. The move is understood to be part of a broader effort to copper-fasten crypto sector oversight. Earlier this month, the Japanese cabinet approved a proposal that seeks to amend the Payment Services Act.  At the time, it had been suggested that the amendment would look to exclude crypto assets from being classified as securities, while also bringing about a reduction in the capital gains tax rate as it is applied to digital assets. It’s likely that crypto assets will find themselves in a distinct category, apart from securities like stocks and bonds. Crypto adoptionActivity related to crypto assets has been growing in Japan. 7.34 million active accounts were found to be responsible for crypto transactions in Japan in January. That amounts to a tripling in such crypto transaction activity over the course of five years. Japan enjoyed greater adoption at a very early stage in the global development of crypto. However, following the Mt. Gox crypto exchange collapse in 2014, which at the time accounted for the loss of 7% of Bitcoin’s supply, regulators responded by clamping down on the sector.  That situation led to greater investor protection for Japanese investors but it presented as a difficulty for Japan-based exchanges to compete globally with other exchange businesses overseas. A conservative stance taken by the FSA has also held back crypto exchange-traded fund (ETF) approval and adoption. Bitcoin ETFs were approved in the United States over a year ago. Earlier this month, Astar Network founder Sota Watanabe outlined that the current ruling party in Japan plans to remove crypto assets from a securities classification, alongside other changes which could potentially lead to the approval of crypto ETFs. The Liberal Democratic Party has also put forward crypto tax reforms that, if implemented, would see a 20% tax rate brought into effect where capital gains on digital assets are concerned.The finer detail with regard to the nature of insider trading restrictions as they will be applied to crypto assets has yet to be revealed. Nikkei speculated that such restrictions would likely be similar to those applied to conventional financial products. Last week, the Asia Web3 Alliance Japan, a crypto advocacy group, put forward a proposal to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that, if implemented, would see collaboration between the U.S. regulator and Japan’s FSA, its central bank and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. The objective of the proposal is to bring about cross-border regulatory clarity related to the further development of the Web3 ecosystem in both Japan and the U.S.