Blocore Determined to Expand Global Presence in Web3 from Korea and Singapore

South Korea Embarks on Wholesale CBDC Pilot ProgramAiming to pave the way for a future-oriented monetary infrastructure, South Korean financial agencies announced a plan on Wednesday (local time) to pilot a central bank digital currency (CBDC). This trial is designed to evaluate its practical use in real-world scenarios.The Bank of Korea (BOK), alongside the Financial Services Commission (FSC) and the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS), has been working with the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) from the inception of this project’s blueprint. Together, they plan to partner with multiple commercial banks to successfully carry out this initiative.Photo by Y K on UnsplashWholesale CBDCThe test will concentrate on a wholesale CBDC designed for transactions and settlements between financial institutions. This concept is akin to how commercial banks use reserves in their central bank accounts for transactions and settlements.Meanwhile, banks will introduce tokenized deposits for public use within the CBDC network. These payment instruments will circulate securely within the new monetary infrastructure built by the BOK and managed jointly with the FSC and the FSS.The pilot of this cutting-edge monetary infrastructure is poised to set the stage for the introduction of diverse, innovative payment and financial services that stand out from current offerings. This effort will also lay the groundwork for newer financial products, like security tokens, to be traded with greater safety and efficiency.Participation from citizensThe test aims to complete its Proof of Concept (PoC) through technical trials in simulated settings. Furthermore, a select group of citizens will be given the opportunity to engage in specific use case tests, letting them experience firsthand the advantages of the emerging digital payment methods. This project will significantly contribute to the future research and development of CBDC infrastructure.The Korean financial authorities have engaged in in-depth discussions regarding policy matters leading up to the test. To ensure alignment with existing laws, only banks will be involved in this initial phase. Decisions on expanding the test will come later, after a thorough evaluation of relevant policy considerations after the trial.The agencies will continue working to ensure that transaction tests involving citizens are conducted with sufficient user protection measures under the existing legal framework.Moreover, from the outset of the test’s preparation, the BIS offered insights from its research and development experiences with CBDC systems. In particular, members from the BIS’s Innovation Hub and the Monetary and Economic Department provided technical advice on designing and constructing a CBDC network. Stemming from their discussions, the BIS and the BOK jointly released a report highlighting the test’s importance and its intricately crafted model.This trial is a step towards identifying the best CBDC model suited for Korea’s financial and economic landscape. It’s important to note that the test doesn’t necessarily indicate a complete rollout of a CBDC or the final version of a CBDC network.Moving forward, the BOK, FSC, and FSS will form a collaborative working group. They’ll work hand-in-hand with pertinent ministries and entities, including the Ministry of Economy and Finance, to ensure a seamless execution of the test. Their technical partnership with the BIS will also remain ongoing.The selection process for a system developer began on October 4. Later this month, there will be an informational session for companies and banks engaged in the project. By the end of November, the financial authorities will unveil information regarding the banks involved and the specific use cases slated for testing. Public involvement is anticipated to start in the fourth quarter of next year.

Korean Securities Firms Unite to Build Shared Security Token InfrastructureShinhan Securities, KB Securities, and NH Investment and Securities are gearing up to sign a memorandum of understanding (MOU) later this month to establish a security token consortium, according to South Korean news outlet MoneyToday.Photo by Louie Nicolo Nimor on UnsplashShared infrastructureThe primary objective of this consortium is to create a shared infrastructure for their security token operations. This initiative marks the first instance where the nation’s major securities firms are getting together to set up a security token consortium. Until now, securities companies have typically sought collaborations with banks, fractional investment firms, or blockchain technology companies, showing reluctance to cooperate with their direct competitors over concerns of potential loss of competitiveness.An expert within the securities industry underscored the paramount importance of securing control over the infrastructure, particularly given that the security token market has not materialized. The expert further stated that once a collaborative network is built among the leading securities firms, it is likely to set the standards for the entire market. Meanwhile, the precise details of the plan have not yet been finalized.Challenges in prior initiativesSince the South Korean Financial Services Commission revealed the security token guidelines in February, the securities sector has been deliberating the creation of a shared network that would be accessible to all industry participants. This kind of system is considered ideal as it facilitates flexible expansion and cost efficiency. However, the discussion came to a halt due to conflicts between the Korea Securities Depository, the Korea Financial Investment Association, and fintech firm Koscom.Meanwhile, installing an independent network is not very feasible, given that it not only incurs significant costs upfront but also has limited potential for expansion. This is why these industry leaders devised an alternative strategy in which they can collectively share the financial burden. In addition, Shinhan, KB, and NH plan to explore joint business models with the aim of maximizing the utility of their security token infrastructure.

Strengthened KYC Spurs More Suspicious Transaction Reports from Korean Crypto ExchangesIn South Korea this year, there has been a significant surge in the number of suspicious transaction reports (STRs) related to cryptocurrencies, according to local news agency Yonhap.This increase is primarily attributed to cryptocurrency exchanges fortifying their Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures. This proactive response follows the controversy surrounding lawmaker Kim Nam-kuk’s significant virtual asset holdings, which were unveiled in May. His scandal came to light when a substantial amount of WEMIX tokens, valued in billions of Korean won, were transferred from the Bithumb exchange to the Upbit exchange. Upbit, deeming it a suspicious transaction, promptly reported the matter to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of the Financial Services Commission (FSC).Photo by ron dyar on UnsplashGrowing number of suspicious transaction reportsAs the scandal continued to gain traction, the political realm reached a consensus to conduct investigations into the cryptocurrency holdings of all lawmakers. Additionally, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea initiated the tracking of all lawmakers’ cryptocurrency holdings last month, a process set to span 90 days.Data received by lawmaker Yoon Young-deok on October 30 from the FIU reveals that the number of STRs originating from virtual asset service providers (VASPs) has reached 11,646 in the first nine months of this year. This figure has already exceeded last year’s total of 10,797 STRs.Under the current Act on Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information, commonly referred to as the Financial Transaction Reporting Act, VASPs are mandated to report to the FIU if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that a customer’s financial transactions are connected to illicit property, money laundering, or terrorist financing. The Act has been in full effect since October 2021.In 2021, a total of 199 reports were submitted under this Act. The number of reports surged to over 10,000 the following year, and in the current year, it continues to grow at an even faster rate. The FIU reviews and analyzes these STRs in accordance with Article 10 of the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. It forwards the relevant information to law enforcement agencies only when it is deemed necessary for the investigation of a specific criminal case.Enhanced but varied approaches by exchangesCrypto exchanges have bolstered their customer verification requirements, especially for customers deemed to have a high risk of involvement in money laundering, in accordance with the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. This entails the need for additional scrutiny of the source of funds and the purpose behind transactions. Notably, if customer verification appears suspicious, exchanges are mandated to confirm the authenticity of the information using reliable documents.However, it’s important to note that the enforcement decree accompanying this Act grants exchanges the flexibility to verify documents based on their own business guidelines. This autonomy has been provided to assist exchanges in effectively mitigating money laundering risks by taking into account their individual business rights and characteristics.For instance, Upbit, South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, has implemented a fraud detection system (FDS) powered by artificial intelligence to continuously monitor and identify fraudulent transactions. This initiative has earned Upbit recognition from the FIU as an outstanding organization for reporting suspicious transactions during the first half of this year.On the contrary, Bithumb has devised and applies internal guidelines dedicated to anti-money laundering (AML) measures. The exchange has instituted a streamlined customer verification process for customers who are assessed as having a low likelihood of being engaged in money laundering activities. However, this simplified process is not extended to individuals from countries that have not adopted the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).Korbit monitors information related to customer verification through a dedicated department. It declines transactions for customers who have not undergone sufficient verification and validation procedures.Coinone’s AML department examines customer transactions comprehensively. It maintains ongoing reviews of customer information, business operations, risk assessments, and the source of funds. If any of these aspects are found to be suspicious or inadequate, the AML department proceeds with additional customer verification, including the disclosure of the source of funds.Some raise concerns about the inconsistency in customer verification standards for AML and STRs across different exchanges. When one exchange flags a transaction as suspicious, another might see it as routine. Such discrepancies highlight the need for uniform guidelines. Addressing this, the Digital Asset eXchange Association (DAXA), consisting of Korea’s five leading currency exchanges — Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax — has set up an AML division to devise standardized rules for STRs.