Circle CEO Sees Role for Yuan-Backed Stablecoins in Hong Kong

Dubai-based Emirates NBD, one of the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE) top banks, has enabled a crypto trading service via its subsidiary bank, Liv Digital Bank. Liv Digital Bank has launched the crypto trading service through its Liv X mobile banking app. App users now have the ability to buy, hold and sell a range of cryptocurrencies. Users will have access to custody solutions. They can control both virtual currencies and fiat currencies from within one application.Photo by Markus Winkler on UnsplashAquanow collaborationThe offering has been brought online through a collaboration with digital assets infrastructure provider Aquanow. Taking to X, Aquanow CEO Phil Sham said that "incumbent institutions like Emirates NBD will play a pivotal role in driving the next wave of digital asset adoption.” Aquanow has acquired the necessary licensing from the Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) in Dubai to enable the service offering on a compliant basis. Sham told Cointelegraph that the collaboration “showcases how traditional banking and digital assets can coexist, providing consumers with seamless, secure, and compliant access to the evolving digital economy.” Zodia as digital asset custodianZodia Custody, a virtual asset custodian that serves institutional clients, has been chosen to custody assets held as a result of crypto trading on the app. The custodian, a subsidiary company of British multinational banking group Standard Chartered, launched its service in Dubai back in 2023. Emirates NBD is government-owned and the UAE’s second largest bank. The service will facilitate users in trading Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Solana (SOL), XRP, Cardano (ADA) and some other cryptocurrencies. The bank’s Group Head of Retail Banking and Wealth Management, Marwan Hadi, commented on the development, stating: “Offering cryptocurrency on Liv X is the next step towards the overall vision of Liv being a pioneer in innovation and excellence.” He added that “with the highest crypto adoption rate in the UAE, [Emirates NBD is] keen to launch [its] own virtual asset offering to capitalise on this trend.” This is not the first touch point with the crypto sector for the Emirates NBD subsidiary. Last year, Liv Digital partnered with tokenized real-world assets (RWA) firm Ctrl Alt. Accessing Ctrl Alt’s RWA tokenization expertise, Liv is opening investing opportunities for its customers in the area of tokenized assets. In November 2024, Emirates NBD signed up as a member of the Partior Network, the distributed ledger technology (DLT) clearing and settlement network. Partior uses tokenized instruments for the wholesale settlement of cross-border payments in conjunction with correspondent banks. In the past, the Dubai-based bank had made efforts to educate its customers with regard to the benefits of cryptocurrency and blockchain. Last year, American blockchain analysis firm Chainalysis reported that the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) accounted for 7.5% of global digital asset trading volume over the course of 12 months from July 2023 to June 2024. Chainalysis itself chose Dubai to set up its regional headquarters in May 2024.

Korea unveils detailed plan for retail CBDC transaction pilot with 100K participantsThe Bank of Korea (BOK), Financial Services Commission (FSC) and Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) jointly announced on Thursday (local time) their comprehensive plan to pilot a central bank digital currency (CBDC). This pilot program will concentrate on two key areas: retail transactions and technical experiments within simulated environments.For the retail transaction aspect, the test aims to give citizens direct experience in using the new digital currency, helping them understand its advantages. This practical approach will promote public familiarity with the CBDC.In terms of technical experiments, these will be conducted in partnership with various banks. The goal is to explore and develop methods for constructing a financial market infrastructure suitable for the future, leveraging the capabilities of the digital currency.Photo by Terrence Low on UnsplashRetail CBDC test to commence in Q4 2024The initiative to examine retail transactions using a CBDC is scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter of 2024. This test will focus on improving how vouchers work. Currently, the use of vouchers faces several challenges, such as high fees, complex and slow settlement procedures and the risk of fraudulent transactions. CBDC-based deposit tokens programmed with the digital voucher functionality could help solve these problems. The exploration of digital vouchers within the realm of CBDCs is not just a concern in Korea but also a topic of global interest.Banks that will participate in the CBDC retail transaction test are to be selected by the end of the third quarter of next year, following necessary procedures such as the financial regulatory sandbox policy. These selected banks will receive the green light to issue deposit tokens within this regulatory sandbox framework. They’ll be in charge of recruiting and managing test participants, which includes both individuals and merchants. Additionally, these banks will be responsible for developing digital wallets for users and handling payment transactions. On the other hand, any bank interested in joining technical experiments in simulated environments may apply to do so until mid-December this year.Citizens who want to take part in the retail transaction test for the CBDC can apply through the banks involved in the test. However, it’s important to note that since this CBDC utilization test is a limited trial, the number of participants will be limited to a maximum of 100,000.The retail transaction test for the CBDC will involve three stages: issuance, distribution and payment. Initially, banks will issue deposit tokens with digital voucher functions upon request. Users will then use these tokens to buy goods from merchants, with the transactions being settled accordingly. Before starting, the BOK, FSC and FSS will propose pilot tasks to the banks, following consultations with relevant agencies and the review of pertinent laws. Banks will also propose tasks related to the voucher function. During the test, these tokens will be used solely for digital voucher transactions, and peer-to-peer transfers won’t be allowed.Simulated environment experiments: three use casesFor technical experiments within simulated environments, the financial authorities have selected three use cases focused on examining the technical feasibility of new types of financial instruments.The first objective is to collaborate with Korea Exchange, the only securities exchange operator in the country, to connect the CBDC system with a carbon credit trading simulation platform. This platform will be based on an external distributed ledger. The key objective here is to assess if the “delivery versus payment” (DvP) mechanism between carbon credits and special payment tokens can function smoothly. DvP is a settlement method that ensures the transfer of securities occurs only after the corresponding payment is made.The second objective will see collaboration with the Korea Financial Telecommunications and Clearings Institute (KFTC). In this scenario, a hypothetical issuer will release tokenized assets to the public through a public offering. To manage this, deposit tokens that match the subscription amount by investors will be temporarily frozen, preventing them from being liquidated. After the final allocation of these tokenized assets is determined, the system, using smart contracts, will automatically transfer funds equivalent only to the allocated tokenized assets.The last objective revolves around advancing the concept of a unified ledger introduced by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). In this endeavor, the BOK aims to issue digital demo securities within the CBDC system. Following this, an experiment will be conducted where financial institutions will have the opportunity to trade these digital securities using the institutional CBDC. This trading will be executed using the DvP method.

While Indonesia has been recognized as one of the world's swiftest embracers of cryptocurrencies, it has faced a notable setback more recently, with a 60% decline in transaction volumes on local exchanges compared to the preceding year. High taxesIn a recent report by CoinDesk Indonesia, the publication speculates that the imposition of high taxes may be a pivotal factor dissuading traders and impacting the overall market dynamics. Indonesia’s tax system treats crypto assets as commodities, with the burdensome taxes arising as a direct consequence of that classification. The tax framework in Indonesia subjects crypto assets to both income tax and value-added tax (VAT), treating them akin to commodities. Leading crypto exchanges in the country reveal that the cumulative tax load on each transaction could surpass the trading fees imposed by exchanges, potentially discouraging users from engaging in crypto transactions. Oscar Darmawan, the CEO of the leading Indonesian crypto exchange INDODAX, told CoinDesk that users bear an income tax of 0.1% and a VAT of 0.11% on every crypto transaction. Additionally, exchanges are required to remit a 0.04% fee to the recently established national crypto bourse. Darmawan clarified that “this places a significant financial burden on the domestic crypto industry." expresses Darmawan in an interview with CoinDesk Indonesia, underscoring the challenges faced by the industry due to the current tax structure.Photo by Nataliya Vaitkevich on PexelsAn international issueThe tax treatment of digital assets has been a bugbear for the crypto space on an international basis. In Japan, it arose last month that the country’s lawmakers were considering applying an exemption for companies from paying taxes on unrealized cryptocurrency gains. It has since transpired that such an amendment will be applied to its fiscal 2024 tax reform plan. India has applied a heavy tax burden where crypto is concerned, with a 30% tax applied to capital gains relative to the sale of crypto assets. Additionally, 1% taxation applies by way of a tax deducted at source (TDS) on crypto transactions. The use of cryptocurrency for the purchase of goods and services in the United States remains a stumbling block, given that the current tax code treats such a scenario as a taxable event. Last year, two U.S. senators attempted to address that issue, by including a $200 exemption for purchases made with cryptocurrency. Calls for crypto asset reclassificationIn response to this dilemma in Indonesia, some stakeholders within the local crypto industry advocate for a paradigm shift in the classification of crypto assets. They propose treating crypto as securities instead of commodities, anticipating that this alteration could alleviate the tax burden on users. Yudhono Rawis, the CEO of the exchange platform Tokocrypto, asserts: "Both stocks and crypto are tradable assets with profit potential … Thus, implementing the same tax regime for both these investment instruments would be more equitable and consistent." The industry anticipates regulatory changes in the near future, as crypto oversight in Indonesia is set to transition from the commodities regulator to the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in January 2025.