Hong Kong Pressing Banks to Facilitate Crypto Clients

Several leading Chinese technology firms have reportedly shelved their plans to launch stablecoins in Hong Kong, following regulatory pushback from the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) and the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC). According to the Financial Times, the authorities have expressed growing concerns over the risks posed by privately issued digital currencies, prompting companies to delay their initiatives.Photo by Jacky Yu on UnsplashBeijing’s focus on control and digital yuanThe companies’ hesitation underscores Beijing’s broader push to preserve control over its monetary system while advancing the rollout of its central bank digital currency (CBDC), the e-CNY. Earlier this month, the PBOC unveiled a new Shanghai-based center to oversee the e-CNY’s international operations, signaling China’s ambition to extend the digital yuan’s reach beyond its domestic market. Over the summer, companies including Ant Group, backed by Alibaba, and e-commerce platform JD.com signaled interest in Hong Kong’s pilot stablecoin initiative or in issuing crypto products such as tokenized deposits. Those plans are now on hold as firms assess policy signals from Beijing and weigh the implications for their businesses. Research efforts reflect China’s cautious approachChina’s cautious stance is also reflected in its research priorities. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), a vice-ministerial body under the Ministry of Science and Technology, has begun inviting grant applications for projects focused on stablecoins and cross-border regulatory frameworks. In announcing the initiative, the NSFC cautioned that the unchecked circulation of privately issued stablecoins could erode the effectiveness of the country’s capital controls. Globally, approaches to fiat-pegged digital assets diverge. In the United States, President Donald Trump in July signed the GENIUS Act, the country’s first stablecoin legislation, into law. A White House fact sheet argued that stablecoins could strengthen demand for U.S. Treasuries and reinforce the dollar’s standing as the world’s dominant reserve currency. In Europe, however, regulators remain wary. In a blog post that same month, European Central Bank (ECB) adviser Jürgen Schaaf warned that the widespread use of U.S. dollar-denominated stablecoins in the euro area could pose financial risks, noting that dollar-based tokens already account for the vast majority of global stablecoin market capitalization. Geopolitics adds to market volatilityThe recalibration by Chinese firms comes against a turbulent geopolitical backdrop. Cointelegraph, citing President Donald Trump’s interview with Fox News, reported that Trump is expected to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping in South Korea during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit, scheduled for Oct. 31 to Nov. 1. The anticipated meeting follows a string of shifting statements from Trump throughout October—ranging from skepticism about meeting Xi, to announcing new 100% tariffs on Chinese imports, and later adopting a more conciliatory tone. The back-and-forth has coincided with heightened volatility across crypto markets. Market turbulence deepened as a wave of liquidations swept through crypto derivatives, erasing nearly $20 billion in positions on Oct. 10, the largest such event on record. Bitcoin plunged to as low as $104,749 on Oct. 17 and has since rebounded to around $114,000 as of Oct. 28. The pullback by Chinese tech groups underscores the fine line regulators and firms must navigate: advancing digital finance innovation while safeguarding monetary stability and control. How that balance is managed across China, the U.S., and Europe will shape the future of stablecoins and define their place in the evolving global financial order. 

The Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB) and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) are charting new regulatory territory with the release of a comprehensive consultation paper outlining their proposal to accept and regulate fiat-referenced stablecoins (FRS) within the Chinese autonomous territory.Photo by Ben Cheung on PexelsConsultation processThe proposal has been published to the FSTB website in the form of a consultation paper titled “Legislative Proposal to Implement the Regulatory Regime for Stablecoin Issuers in Hong Kong.” Separately, the HKMA has published a press release on the topic. This development seeks to establish a regulatory framework for stablecoin issuers and address associated risks. The consultation period is scheduled to conclude on Feb. 29 of next year. At the heart of this legislative proposal is the requirement for companies actively marketing the issuance of FRS to the public of Hong Kong to obtain a specific local license from the HKMA. The proposed criteria for obtaining this license are robust and include key elements such as maintaining reserves “at least equal to the par value” of all circulating stablecoins. This measure ensures that stablecoins remain fully backed, contributing to their stability and reliability. The legislation also places a strong emphasis on the segregation and secure safekeeping of reserve assets, enhancing the protection of users’ funds and preventing misuse. Furthermore, issuers will be mandated to provide transparent disclosure and regular reporting, fostering accountability and transparency within the stablecoin ecosystem. It is noteworthy that the proposed regulations explicitly exclude algorithmic stablecoins from obtaining an HKMA license, underlining a preference for stablecoins with solid reserve backing. No doubt the spectacular collapse of the UST algorithmic stablecoin in 2022 has informed the Hong Kong regulator’s decision to exclude consideration of algorithmic stablecoins in this instance. Need to establish Hong Kong presenceTo underscore their commitment to regulatory compliance, stablecoin issuers seeking an HKMA license will also be required to establish a registered office in Hong Kong. This office must have a chief executive, senior management team and key personnel in place, aligning with Hong Kong’s efforts to ensure that all activities related to stablecoin issuance are conducted responsibly. The proposed licensing regime for FRS aligns with Hong Kong’s broader strategy to foster the growth of the Web3 ecosystem within the region. Christopher Hui, Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury, highlighted the significance of this move, stating: “With the implementation of the licensing regime for VA trading platforms from June this year, the legislative proposal to regulate FRS is another important measure facilitating Web3 ecosystem development in Hong Kong.” Market competitionBack in February, the HKMA signaled its intent to regulate stablecoins when it issued a discussion paper considering various regulatory approaches. Competition is on an upward trajectory relative to stablecoin issuance and use. In June, Hong Kong-based qualified custodian First Digital Trust announced that it was gearing up to launch "First Digital USD," a U.S. dollar-backed stablecoin regulated in Asia rather than the United States. Leading stablecoin issuer Circle has been active in furthering its product offering in Asia during 2023. It successfully attained licensing approval in Singapore while in Japan, it joined forces with SBI Holdings in an effort to propel further growth of its USDC stablecoin within the Japanese market.

Gluwa, a San Francisco-based blockchain firm, has become a key partner in Nigeria’s central bank digital currency (CBDC) project, the eNaira, Korean media outlet Seoul Economic Daily reported.   Tapping into Nigeria’s 226M populationGluwa, the issuer of Creditcoin (CTC), announced yesterday that its Nigerian branch Gluwa Nigeria signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Through the MOU, Gluwa Nigeria aims to facilitate the adoption of digital currency in Africa’s largest economy with a 226 million population, by connecting eNaira to Credal, the native API for Gluwa’s Creditcoin network. This integration is expected to enhance Nigeria’s financial ecosystem by recording loan and payment transactions on the Creditcoin network.Photo by Emmanuel Ikwuegbu on UnsplashMaking the financial system more inclusive and efficient The partnership is anticipated to boost financial inclusiveness among many Nigerians who are financially isolated due to their lack of access to traditional financial services. Moreover, the CBN expects that the adoption will improve the eNaira’s functionality and spur innovation in the country’s financial system. Among other objectives of the project is to create an efficient financial infrastructure in the country so that Western fintech firms can easily enter the Nigerian financial market.   Oh Tae-lim, CEO of Gluwa, said the company plans to lay out the project’s blueprint by the end of this year and eventually broaden the acceptance of the eNaira, taking the potential of the digital currency to a new level.  Meanwhile, Gluwa’s native token, CTC, is a real-world asset (RWA) network with a loan transaction volume of KRW 106.8 billion ($80 million) and a user base of 337,000.