First spot bitcoin ETF filed in Hong Kong

Japan and China are moving in different directions on digital finance. In Japan, senior officials are signaling a push to bring cryptocurrencies further into the mainstream financial system. In China, regulators are doubling down on limits for private-sector tokenization even as the central bank expands a state-led digital currency model.Photo by Nat on UnsplashTraditional exchanges to anchor crypto pushSpeaking at the Tokyo Stock Exchange on Jan. 5, Japanese Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama framed 2026 as “the inaugural year of digital” in her New Year’s address, according to local outlet CoinPost. She said she expects cryptocurrency adoption to broaden as commodity and stock exchanges take on a larger role, arguing that established market infrastructure will be key to realizing the benefits of blockchain-based assets. Pointing to the U.S., she noted that exchange-traded funds are commonly used as an inflation hedge, and suggested Japan could move in a similar direction. Katayama also struck an upbeat tone on the wider economy, saying she expects Japanese stocks to hit new record highs this year. She cast 2026 as a potential turning point as Japan seeks to move beyond a long stretch of deflation, and called for responsible but proactive fiscal policy alongside targeted investment in growth sectors. Her comments come as Tokyo considers a major overhaul of how crypto gains are taxed. Under a government proposal, profits from cryptocurrencies would be taxed at a flat 20%, aligning them more closely with levies on stocks and foreign-exchange trading. The framework would also cover crypto-linked ETFs and derivatives. Currently, crypto gains are treated as miscellaneous income, leaving investors subject to progressive rates that can climb to roughly 55% once local taxes are included. The proposed reforms would bring crypto assets under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. While the package is slated for discussion during the upcoming ordinary Diet session, which is scheduled to begin on Jan. 23, officials do not expect it to take effect before 2028, given the scope of the required legal and regulatory changes. Industry groups flag RWA tokenization risksChina, by contrast, continues to take a restrictive stance toward private digital-asset activity. Seven major financial industry associations—including the National Internet Finance Association of China, the Banking Association, and the Securities Association—issued a joint statement warning that the tokenization of real-world assets (RWAs) is illegal and amounts to a “risky business model,” according to Wu Blockchain, citing a WeChat post published last month. The associations argued that RWA tokenization still functions as a form of unauthorized fundraising barred under existing securities laws. They also warned of risks tied to both the projects and their underlying assets, including fraud, operational failures, and speculative hype, adding that even when the assets themselves are legitimate, token structures remain unreliable and could pose spillover risks to other parts of the financial system. The statement added that such activities have not received regulatory approval. The warning fits with Beijing’s broader, state-led approach to digital finance. Last month, Lu Lei, a deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC), warned that unchecked private-sector innovation could pose challenges for monetary policy, arguing that the rapid growth of digital assets and stablecoins risks weakening central banks’ control over money flows. Against that backdrop, Lu said the PBOC has rolled out a new operational framework for its central bank digital currency that took effect on Jan. 1. The move places the digital yuan in a deposit-like role within the commercial banking system under a two-tier structure, with the central bank overseeing rules and infrastructure and commercial banks handling wallets, payments, and compliance. By late November 2025, the digital yuan network had processed 3.48 billion transactions totaling 16.7 trillion yuan ($2.3 trillion), underscoring how China is channeling digital finance through a centrally controlled system. The system includes about 230 million personal wallets and 18.84 million corporate wallets. 

Terraform Labs Co-Founder Daniel Shin Denies Wrongdoing in LUNA CollapseShin Hyun-seong, popularly known as Daniel Shin, has refuted accusations against him related to the $40 billion collapse of the stablecoin TerraUSD and its companion token, LUNA, according to a report by local news outlet Newspim. He presented this defense during his initial trial at the Seoul Southern District Court on October 30 (local time).Shin co-founded Terraform Labs, the company responsible for issuing TerraUSD and LUNA. His co-founder, Do Kwon, is currently serving a four-month prison sentence in Montenegro for passport forgery.Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on UnsplashProsecution’s allegationsKorean prosecutors allege that since 2018, Shin and his colleagues have concealed the fabricated nature of the “Terra project.” By manipulating trades and releasing misleading information, they purportedly misled investors into thinking the project was successful. It’s believed they sold off their tokens before the LUNA crash in May 2022, earning KRW 462.9 billion ($343.3 million) from these activities. They are suspected of personally taking KRW 376.9 billion from this amount.Prosecutors are focusing on Shin as the potential orchestrator of the LUNA crash. They speculate he began selling LUNA tokens around when Terraform Labs launched the Anchor Protocol in March 2021. This DeFi protocol increased the popularity and value of LUNA tokens. Before the crash, Shin is alleged to have gained at least KRW 154.1 billion.Defense argumentHowever, Shin’s legal team countered by asserting that Shin had cut ties with Kwon in 2020. They argued the decline of TerraUSD and LUNA was due to Kwon’s mishandling of the Anchor Protocol and an external attack, neither associated with Shin. Regarding the exploit, Terraform Labs has pursued legal action in the United States Southern District of Florida, claiming that American market maker Citadel Securities played a part in undermining TerraUSD in May 2022.Defending Shin, his lawyers emphasized that at the inception of the Terra project, there were no legal guidelines specifically for cryptocurrency transactions. Additionally, unlike Do Kwon who kept fleeing abroad, Shin willingly came back to Korea and has been cooperating with the investigation. They also noted he received only 32% of the 70 million LUNA tokens initially promised. Regarding classification, they stated LUNA isn’t legally recognized as a security.Shin’s lawyers further argued the prosecution hasn’t clearly identified victims or adequately outlined the components of fraud in this case. They said the prosecution’s case hinges on viewing LUNA as a security. However, Shin’s legal representatives maintained that under the Korean Capital Markets Act, LUNA isn’t a security, making its trades non-fraudulent.To counter a US court ruling the prosecution presented — that a token is a security — Shin’s defense highlighted that the verdict is from a lower court and remains contested. Earlier, prosecutors had cited a ruling from the United States Southern District Court of New York, which classified the XRP tokens sold to institutional investors as securities.

Cebu Meeting of FSB Highlights Crypto RisksThe Regional Consultative Group for Asia of the Financial Stability Board (FSB) has highlighted the risks implicated by crypto assets in a series of meetings held on Thursday and Friday in Cebu, the Philippines.The FSB is an international body with a mandate to monitor the global financial system, as well as make recommendations in respect of that system. The agency was established by the G20 group of countries in April 2009, replacing its forerunner, the Financial Stability Forum.Photo by John Alvin Merin on UnsplashA regulatory framework for cryptoThe two-day event focused on non-bank financial intermediation (NBFI) in Asia and the development of an effective global regulatory framework for crypto-assets. It discussed recent developments in financial markets, together with their regional impact.In opening remarks, Philippine Central Bank Governor, Felipe Medalla, stated: “Crypto, the biggest issue there is, whether we like it or not is quite a lot, especially younger people who are actually gambling. They have huge losses, our view right now. Well, you’re there, it’s your problem and the regulation becomes strict the moment crypto meets banking.”International participants highlighted the need for the development of an effective global regulatory framework for crypto-assets. Particular concern exists with regard to the potential for systemic risk in relation to crypto and a potential overflow into the traditional financial system.Earlier this year, the FSB proposed a complete regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies, with the report having been originally submitted in October of last year. Among its key components is the imposition of tighter controls. It proposed the guiding principle of “same activity, same risk, same regulation” for crypto assets, mirroring the approach taken for traditional financial assets.Global approach to taming cryptoThis approach has proven to be problematic for people working within the digital assets space. Many of the core facets of cryptocurrencies are entirely different to anything we see in traditional finance. Trying to frame crypto within an existing approach and standard has been perceived by many to be akin to trying to fit a square peg in a round hole.It’s not the FSB's role or place to affect policy directly. That responsibility lies with policymakers and regulators in each individual country. However, the organization is seeking to influence those individuals and entities in the hope that they will employ its suggested regulatory framework.Klaas Knot, Chair of the FSB and President of the Dutch Central Bank, provided this view on crypto: “We will come up with a global regulatory framework. It also only makes sense to regulate this from a global perspective. Because, nowadays you can take a server and put it anywhere in the world and start issuing these digital assets.”From Knot’s take, it’s clear that governments and central bankers are cottoning on to the fact that individual nation-state regulation is futile to an extent where decentralized innovations like cryptocurrency are concerned. Others such as European Central Bank (ECB) President Christine Lagarde and Mark Branson, President of German financial markets regulator BaFin, similarly have called for a globally enforced regulatory approach over the course of the past year.Ongoing struggleWhile regulation can be helpful, particularly when it comes to the points at which crypto meets the traditional system, there’s no doubt that this emerging innovation will disrupt the conventional system to some degree or other. That may place an incentive before central bankers and governments to try and stymie the further development of digital assets.While a truly global approach to regulating digital assets could retard development of the sector, there is rarely total consensus among world governments on a single issue. Therefore, by its very nature, crypto, and the digital assets sector will likely continue to develop regardless. It’s more a question of how long that process takes.