MiCA may force crypto firms into Middle East relocation

Regulatory Caution Among Asian Nations Amid Reports of Illicit FinancingWith a plethora of reports of crypto-related terrorist financing having been published in recent weeks, it’s understood that Asian nations may be looking to exercise caution when it comes to the current ongoing process of establishing regulatory guidelines for crypto.That’s according to a report published by the South China Morning Post (SCMP) on Thursday. The use of cryptocurrency by Hamas to fund its attack on Israel is being seen as the catalyst that may drive authorities in various Asian nations to take a more cautious approach to regulating digital currencies, according to analysts cited by the publication.Raj Kapoor, the founder of India Blockchain Alliance (IBA), commented on these recent developments, stating:”It is a kick on the backside for most governments. All regulatory bodies will take a closer look at crypto regulation. Governments will need to start implementing new rules and regulations.”At the recent G20 summit held in New Delhi, a joint declaration called for the regulation, supervision, and oversight of crypto assets, among other measures. The declaration emphasized the importance of supporting “a coordinated and comprehensive policy and regulatory framework.”Kapoor stressed the importance of revisiting the declaration and developing solutions to implement its objectives.Photo by Adolfo Félix on UnsplashRenewed scrutinyEvents in Palestine in recent weeks have led to renewed scrutiny when it comes to monitoring illicit financing activity via cryptocurrency. Only days following the recent Hamas attack, Israeli authorities moved to freeze specified crypto accounts.That scrutiny has continued in recent days, with more accounts having been frozen on crypto platforms such as Binance, while more still have been identified as suspicious, with requests for further information having been submitted in respect of over 200 additional accounts.On Wednesday it emerged that the United States Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) had sanctioned a Gaza-based crypto platform.Potential over-reactionWhile crypto-related terrorist financing has been widely publicized, blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis warned on Wednesday that crypto’s role in this illicit activity has likely been overstated. In its blog post on the subject, the firm stated:“Although terrorism financing is a very small portion of the already very small portion of cryptocurrency transaction volume that is illicit, some terrorist organizations raise, store, and transfer funds using cryptocurrency.”Additionally, Chainalysis stated that it had seen “overstated metrics and flawed analyses of these terrorist groups’ use of cryptocurrency.” Peter Van Valkenburgh, Director of Research at non-profit crypto advocacy group Coin Center, also believes that reporting on the matter is not balanced. Taking to X, he stated:“Sensational early reporting on the scale of Hamas crypto fundraising significantly misstated the amounts involved.”Coin Center’s Director of Communications, Neeraj Agrawal, highlighted an article which claimed that crypto “fueled Hamas’ terror attack on Israel” in its title, only to reveal within the body of the article that “cryptocurrency is still far from the largest funding source for terrorism.”Anndy Lian, a Singapore-based author and inter-governmental blockchain adviser, noted that while some countries may consider banning cryptocurrencies as a solution, this could merely drive illicit financing underground and make it more challenging to trace and halt. Lian argued that cryptocurrencies are traceable and trackable, unlike traditional fiat currencies like US dollars.

Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) is gearing up to issue additional crypto exchange licenses before year’s end.  11 applicants under considerationThat’s according to SFC CEO Julia Leung. Leung commented on the matter while speaking with Hong Kong-based online news portal, HK01, on Oct. 7. She stated that 11 companies are considered as applicants for licensing and new progress is expected before the end of the year. Overall, 16 firms have applied for licenses and of these, the regulator is indicating that 11 will likely be awarded licenses at this stage. The 11 firms underwent reviews carried out by the SFC in August to determine and ensure their compliance with the current regulatory framework. The virtual asset service providers (VASPs) inspected included HKbitEX, PantherTrade, Accumulus, DFX Labs, Bixin.com, EX.IO, YAX, WhaleFin and Matrixport HK. Overseas applicants inspected included Crypto.com and Bullish. The regulator’s intention is to work towards an SFC objective of drafting these VASPs into the regulated environment established by the SFC. Leung explained that the SFC intends to award licenses in batches. Those applicants who have already had SFC on-site reviews carried out have been asked by the regulator to rectify issues identified based on the regulators findings. "Applicants who do not meet the requirements will lose their qualifications for licensing, while applicants who meet the requirements will be granted a license conditionally,” Leung told HK01.Photo by Bowen Chin on UnsplashSFC roadmapLeung also told the media outlet that relative to over-the-counter (OTC) crypto services, a new licensing system has been put in place to regulate OTC custody provision. The SFC CEO outlined that the organization’s roadmap for the period 2024 to 2026 incorporates plans to promote the tokenization of real-world assets (RWAs), further advance regulations relative to virtual asset platforms and gain further understanding of Web3 technologies and regional blockchains. Last week the regulator awarded a license to HKVAX, allowing it to join OSL and HashKey as the only fully licensed VASPs in Hong Kong thus far. While Hong Kong has made great strides over the course of the past two years to work towards becoming a regional hub for crypto businesses, it has faced criticism recently for having an overly restrictive regulatory framework.  Regulators felt the need to tighten up regulations in the aftermath of the collapse of the JPEX crypto exchange which implicated fraud and resulted in around 2,600 Hong Kong residents experiencing financial losses in the region of $200 million. The regulatory requirements have resulted in some platforms turning away from attempts to acquire licensing. In May, Gate.io’s local platform Gate.HK ceased operations in Hong Kong, while withdrawing its licensing application.In July HKX followed suit, advising its users to withdraw their funds from the platform, while notifying them that it had withdrawn its application for Type 1 and Type 7 licensing, as well as VASP licensing.

Singapore’s MAS gears up for live CBDC pilotThe Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has unveiled plans to initiate a live central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot for wholesale interbank settlement in 2024.Photo by Sergio Sala on UnsplashMoving beyond simulationThis pilot will move beyond simulation, involving the actual utilization of a live wholesale CBDC for settling payments between commercial banks. Furthermore, MAS indicated that upcoming pilots may extend to leveraging wholesale CBDCs for the settlement of cross-border securities trade.MAS Managing Director Ravi Menon expressed the significance of this move, stating:“The ‘live’ issuance of central bank digital money for use as a common settlement asset in payments is a significant milestone in MAS’ digital money journey that began in 2016. The issuance of wholesale CBDC reinforces the role that central bank money plays in facilitating safe and efficient payments.”Orchid BlueprintThis announcement is a key component of the Orchid Blueprint, a comprehensive plan detailing the infrastructure essential for facilitating the pilot and future developments. In addition to the wholesale CBDC initiative, the Orchid Blueprint outlines the expansion of trials to encompass tokenized bank liabilities and regulated stablecoins, solidifying Singapore’s commitment to fostering innovation in the digital finance space.As part of the Orchid Blueprint, MAS is set to create a settlement ledger to record digital money transfers. This ledger will incorporate features like programmability and atomic settlement of digital tokens. To enhance user experience, a “Name Service” for customer-friendly wallet addresses and name identifiers is on the agenda. Additionally, a tokenization bridge will be developed to connect existing account-based settlement systems with ledgers compatible with tokenized forms of digital money.Purpose-bound moneyThe Orchid Blueprint introduces a “programmability protocol” based on the concept of “purpose-bound money” (PBM). PBM, a concept considered by the MAS in a whitepaper that it published earlier this year, allows for the specification of certain conditions for the use of digital money, enabling automation of transactions and predefined conditions for settlement. This innovative approach empowers centralized planners to define the conditions for usage, bringing a new level of flexibility to the digital financial landscape.This development aligns with the broader trend of increasing institutional interest in digital currencies and blockchain technology. The move towards live CBDC pilots, tokenization and stablecoins underscores Singapore’s commitment to staying at the forefront of financial innovation. As the Orchid Blueprint unfolds, it sets the stage for a dynamic and technologically advanced financial ecosystem, reinforcing Singapore’s position as a leader in the global digital finance arena.In a related move within the region, crypto firm Paxos recently announced plans to launch a new USD-backed stablecoin in Singapore, receiving in-principle approval from MAS to issue the stablecoin. Meanwhile, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva outlined in a keynote speech at the Singapore FinTech Festival earlier this week that CBDCs not only could replace cash but also improve financial inclusion.These concurrent developments indicate the growing convergence of traditional financial systems with the expanding digital currency landscape.