UAE exempts crypto from VAT

Leading crypto exchange platform OKX has disclosed plans to discontinue its mining pool services, marking a strategic shift for the platform.Photo by engin akyurt on UnsplashService shutdown within one monthThe move, outlined by the firm in a notification to platform users on Friday, involves ceasing new user registrations effective immediately. Existing users will be granted access to the mining pool until Feb. 25. All mining pool-related services on OKX will be completely halted by Feb. 26. Mining Pools data reveals that OKX holds the 36th position among the top 70 bitcoin-focused mining pools, boasting a total hash rate slightly exceeding 496 TH/s. The decision to phase out mining pool services was attributed to "business adjustments," as communicated by OKX, though further details were not provided regarding the specific nature of these adjustments. Previously, OKX's mining pool supported various proof-of-work cryptocurrencies and offered staking services. However, over recent years, many supported assets had been terminated. Presently, the website only displays bitcoin, litecoin and ethereum classic pool services. Once accounted for 5% of all BTC blocks minedOKX's bitcoin mining pool had once accounted for around 5% of the blocks mined on the network. However, a setback occurred on October 16, 2020, when the crypto exchange temporarily suspended withdrawals due to one of its private key holders “cooperating with a public security bureau in investigations.” This led to a significant drop in hashpower connected to the pool, from 9,000 PH/s to 20 PH/s. The pool's current 528 TH/s now represents less than 0.0001% of bitcoin’s total hash rate. Industry trend formingThis strategic move by OKX reflects the evolving landscape of the crypto industry and the challenges faced by mining pools, particularly in the context of regulatory and operational adjustments within the market. The decision may even amount to a formative trend, given that global crypto exchange platform rival KuCoin made a similar move back in August. At the time, KuCoin outlined its plans to temporarily suspend its bitcoin and litecoin mining pools. Although it suggested a temporary halt to such services, there was no indication of when such mining-related services would resume. A company spokesperson stated:“We will see if it is needed to restart based on the market and users’ demand in the future.” Bitcoin halving pressuresOKX’s decision to discontinue mining pool services comes ahead of bitcoin's anticipated fourth halving in April, which is expected to reduce miner rewards from 6.25 to 3.125 BTC. The halving is casting a shadow over the mining sector. Miners' business cost per bitcoin mined is going to increase significantly. Some industry commentators speculate that the break-even point for miners will reach an unsustainable level. NASDAQ-listed Riot Blockchain, in particular, is being singled out as potentially being susceptible due to its cost structure. Miners have had a difficult couple of years, working their way through the bear market component of the last market cycle. That period saw leading miner Core Scientific declare bankruptcy. The company has since restructured and has been relisted on the NASDAQ.  

Korea Exchange sets the stage for security token tradingStarting next year, South Koreans may have the opportunity to trade security tokens, as the Korea Exchange (KRX), the sole securities exchange operator in the country, has officially begun preparations to establish a security token market. The Busan Digital Asset Exchange (BDX), slated for launch next year, is expected to play a pivotal role in spearheading the growth and development of this emerging security token market.Photo by Tierra Mallorca on UnsplashSeeking approval from financial regulatorsAs reported by local news outlet Busan Ilbo, KRX applied to the FSC last month for registration as an innovative financial service under the financial regulatory sandbox scheme. On Nov. 19, the FSC approved the creation of pilot markets for investment contract securities and non-cash trust beneficial certificates. KRX’s recent initiative is a follow-up to this development. The financial regulator is set to make a final decision after holding a main committee meeting to review KRX’s application.Investment contract securities and non-cash trust beneficial certificates represent two distinct types of security tokens. Investment contract securities provide a means for fractional investments in real-world assets (RWAs). This can include a diverse range of assets such as artworks, music copyrights, beef and carbon credits, allowing investors to own a portion of these assets. On the other hand, non-cash trust beneficial certificates function as secondary investment instruments. These certificates enable individuals to invest in financial products that themselves have invested in security tokens, offering an indirect pathway to participate in the security token market.Fractional investments on the horizonVarious industries are poised to benefit from the emerging digital market, especially platforms focused on fractional investment in artworks. Companies like Yeolmae Company, Art Together and Seoul Auction Blue are keen on this opportunity and have applied to the FSS for permission to register security tokens. Upon receiving regulatory approval, these platforms plan to accept subscription requests, enabling investors to participate in the art market in a more accessible way.The development of security token markets is expected to positively impact BDX, which is currently seeking an operator. Initially, when BDX’s operation plan was unveiled in September, it excluded security tokens due to regulatory constraints. However, with KRX now involved, it’s more probable that the Busan exchange will feature security tokens as major trading assets. Experts believe the success of these token exchanges will largely depend on the quality and appeal of the underlying assets.A local securities industry official emphasized the significant role of the security token market in enhancing the stature of Busan as a blockchain hub. The growth of this market is seen as pivotal in boosting the value and utility of BDX. The official noted that BDX’s appeal to investors would increase if it offered a diverse range of underlying assets or unique security tokens. This development could mark a significant turning point for Busan in the blockchain industry.

Jersey-headquartered Komainu, a digital asset custodian backed by Japan’s Nomura Holdings, is in the process of acquiring Propine Holdings, a Singaporean competitor. Subject to approvalKomainu has signed an agreement in principle with Propine to acquire the company, according to a press release published on Oct. 22 by PR Newswire on behalf of the two firms. One of the key elements in completing the deal is attaining the approval of local regulator the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). This is Komainu’s first acquisition, and according to the firm’s co-CEO Paul Frost-Smith, it will be the first of several. According to Bloomberg, Frost-Smith stated in an interview that “an absolutely key factor in building” the business is obtaining access to Propine’s Capital Market Services license, which the company was awarded in Singapore. Frost-Smith described the acquisition as "setting ourselves up for the future with a licensed platform that we can grow." The company intends to further its efforts in terms of compliance by applying for a Major Payment Institution (MPI) license in Singapore. Komainu is motivated in developing in this manner as it has identified increasing demand from established institutions in Singapore for advisory services.Photo by RDNE Stock project on PexelsStrategic hubThe Komainu co-CEO said that the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region was central to Komainu’s heritage. With that, he added that Singapore is “an important strategic hub for Komainu in Asia and Propine will enhance our capabilities in meeting the significant client demand we are experiencing, including for Komainu Connect, our collateral management service, which is already extensively utilised by our investor clients in Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Australia.” Back in August, global crypto exchange platform Bitfinex signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Komainu Connect, with a view towards enhancing trading security. In July Komainu was added by crypto infrastructure firm Fireblocks to its Global Custodian Partner Program. The Japanese market has been one that Komainu has been focusing on. Frost-Smith asserted that it will serve as a major hub for the company, given that it is home to its primary backer, Nomura.  In November 2023, the company partnered with Crypto Garage, a regulated Japanese crypto-asset financial services firm. The collaboration extended Komainu’s dealings with the firm, given that it had invested in Crypto Garage’s parent company, Digital Garage, previously. At the time, the companies claimed that the partnership would allow them both to leverage their collective expertise. Komainu has also been following a regulatory-compliant path in other markets. In the UK, where it’s stationed, it received permission from the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) to operate as a crypto custodian in October 2023. In August of the same year, it was awarded an operating license by the Virtual Asset Regulatory Authority (VARA) in Dubai. Alongside Nomura, the company was also established with the backing of digital asset security firm Ledger and digital asset investment manager CoinShares. Earlier this year, Komainu was approved by Nasdaq to be a core custodian relative to its suite of crypto indices.