Vietnam legalizes crypto assets

US DOJ Charges Two Russians With Mt. Gox HackTwo Russian nationals have been charged by the US Department of Justice (DOJ) for their involvement in hacking of the Japanese cryptocurrency exchange Mt. Gox, and in causing the collapse of the infamous exchange.Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on UnsplashCulpable for collapseThe indictment, which has been unsealed, was originally filed on June 7, and identifies the individuals as Alexey Bilyuchenko, 43, and Aleksandr Verner, 29. They are accused of not only hacking the exchange but also conspiring to launder approximately 647,000 bitcoins, which is valued at around $17.1 billion based on Bitcoin’s unit price on Friday.Additionally, Bilyuchenko has been charged with collaborating with Alexander Vinnik to operate the illicit exchange known as BTC-e between 2011 and 2017. BTC-e was shut down by U.S. law enforcement in 2017, and Vinnik was later extradited from Greece to the U.S. in 2022 on charges of running BTC-e and engaging in money laundering.Mt. Gox, which experienced a major theft, declared bankruptcy and closed its operations in 2014. Bilyuchenko and Verner played a significant role in the theft, leading to the exchange’s insolvency, according to Assistant Attorney General Kenneth A. Polite, Jr. of the Justice Department’s Criminal Division. The indictment states that “in or about September 2011, [the defendants] and their co-conspirators gained and caused others to gain unauthorized access to the Mt. Gox server in Japan.”BTC-e exchange money launderingFurthermore, it is alleged that Bilyuchenko utilized his ill-gotten gains from the Mt. Gox theft to establish the BTC-e exchange, which facilitated global money laundering activities for criminals. US Attorney Ismail J. Ramsey for the Northern District of California stated that Bilyuchenko and his co-conspirators operated a digital currency exchange that enabled criminal entities, including hackers, ransomware actors, narcotics rings, and corrupt officials, to launder billions of dollars.In March, there were reports from CoinDesk about movements of BTC-e funds on the blockchain. An exchange wallet linked to BTC-e made its first transaction since 2017, transferring approximately 3,299 bitcoins to a crypto wallet in November 2022. Additionally, six years ago, the exchange wallet sent around 10,000 bitcoins to two unidentified recipients. However, the recent DOJ filing does not specify whether these recipients were Bilyuchenko and Verner.Slow processMeanwhile, the long-suffering creditors of the hacked exchange are only beginning to reach the final stages of the bankruptcy process. Japan’s bankruptcy process is incredibly slow and it’s taken the best part of ten years for it to reach the distribution phase. It became apparent in April that the bankruptcy estate was moving to distribute $4.5 billion in cash and digital assets to creditors. It’s understood that the process will be completed in October.While creditors are taking a haircut in bitcoin terms, on a US dollar basis, they are not fairing out badly given that the leading cryptocurrency has seen massive dollar price appreciation in the intervening years.

UAE Issues New Guidance on Crypto AML MeasuresUnder new guidance issued by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), crypto businesses will be subject to strengthened anti-money laundering (AML) and countering the financing of terrorism (CFT) measures.Photo by Joshua Miranda on PexelsTightening AML regulationThe guidance, first compiled in February but released on Wednesday, which takes into account the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), has been introduced to enhance the supervisory and regulatory frameworks and combat financial crimes. The rules are set to come into effect within a month.The Central Bank’s guidance specifically targets Licensed Financial Institutions (LFIs) in the UAE, encompassing banks, finance companies, exchange houses, payment service providers, registered hawala providers, insurance companies, agents, and brokers. These entities will now be required to comply with the new regulations to prevent money laundering and terrorism financing activities.Firm foundationsIn a written statement, His Excellency Khaled Mohamed Balama, Governor of the UAEs Central Bank, expressed the importance of the new guidance in strengthening efforts to combat financial crimes. He emphasized the commitment to protecting the financial and monetary system’s soundness and stability, aligning with the FATF standards.The issuance of the guidance comes as the UAE aims to attract crypto businesses to the region by offering a welcoming but effective regulatory framework. In March, Dubai unveiled a dedicated agency responsible for virtual asset regulation, signaling its commitment to fostering a favorable environment for crypto-related activities. Its Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) has also taken action against what it deems to be unregulated activity in the crypto space recently.That action together with the approaches taken by Abu Dhabi and at a national level the UAE itself with respect to digital asset licensing is indicative of a territory that is setting out the right foundation upon which to develop the innovative sector. The approach taken by regulators in the UAE has garnered praise from major crypto firms, including Coinbase, who have applauded the region’s proactive stance on regulation.The strengthened regulatory framework is expected to contribute significantly to the UAE’s ongoing efforts to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism. By implementing these measures, the UAE aims to safeguard the integrity and stability of its financial and monetary systems while fostering a secure environment for crypto businesses to thrive.Global regulatory effortsThe UAE’s AML guidance comes amid ongoing efforts globally to come to terms with virtual assets. Tomorrow Japan will implement its adherence to the FATF travel rule regulation relative to digital assets. Crypto businesses like bitFlyer are already adjusting to that eventuality, while also implementing a similar standard in international markets.As the UAE continues to position itself as a leading hub for the crypto industry, the introduction of these new AML rules demonstrates its proactive approach to regulation. The collaboration between the Central Bank and other global regulatory bodies, such as the FATF, showcases the UAE’s commitment to international cooperation and the sharing of knowledge and best practices in the ever-evolving crypto landscape.

Bithumb and Korbit Struggle to Gain Traction Despite Zero Trading FeesSouth Korean cryptocurrency exchanges Bithumb and Korbit have recently eliminated trading fees, but their bold decision hasn’t yielded much results. Bithumb was the first to implement this change and attracted users for about a week, but it is now seeing a loss in market share. Korbit, following Bithumb’s example, is also struggling to achieve meaningful outcomes.Photo by Alexander Grey on UnsplashLimited impactLocal media outlet Chosun Biz used data from crypto data platform CoinGecko to draw this conclusion. On October 26, Korbit’s daily trading volume represented 0.19% of the total trading volume among South Korea’s top five crypto exchanges (Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax). This figure marked a 0.14 percentage point increase compared to the 0.05% recorded on October 19. Korbit had implemented a zero trading fee policy at 9 a.m. (KST) on October 20. Additionally, they launched a promotion offering KRW 5,000 ($3.69) worth of bitcoin to users who transferred virtual assets totaling KRW 1 million or more from Travel Rule-compliant exchanges to Korbit. While the promotion did contribute to Korbit’s market share, it still remains below 1%.Bithumb’s performance showed some improvement, albeit briefly. As of October 26, Bithumb’s market share stood at 18%, marking a 4.7 percentage point increase from its 13.3% share on October 3, the day before it eliminated trading fees. However, it’s worth noting that its market share had reached almost 30% shortly after the promotion’s launch. This indicates that its strategy is losing efficacy over time.The less-than-enthusiastic results from their daring marketing endeavors can be attributed to their inability to draw in retail investors. To begin with, Upbit, the leading player in the market, had already been providing a relatively low fee of 0.05%. Furthermore, adapting to new user interfaces on these exchanges posed a challenge. Zero trading fees weren’t attractive enough for crypto investors to leave their current platforms.Trading volume mattersIn the case of Korbit, its lower trading volume was a disadvantage when it came to attracting users. On crypto exchanges, a higher trading volume typically translates to faster trade executions. As a result, users of Korbit might experience delays in executing trades at their preferred price.Jeong Hye-won, a research associate at crypto data analytics platform Xangle, told Chosun Biz that users on exchanges with lower trading volumes tend to experience slippages due to slower transaction speeds and sparsely populated order books. A slippage means the difference between the initially placed order price and the executed order price. Jeong further explained that Korbit’s zero trading fee policy didn’t have a significant impact because it offers fewer listed tokens compared to Upbit and Bithumb.There is speculation that the free-trading fee promotions introduced by Bithumb and Korbit, despite their revenue sacrifices, might conclude sooner than initially anticipated due to their perceived ineffectiveness. Bithumb derives 99.95% of its revenue from trading fees, while Korbit relies on trading fees for 99.79% of its income. An industry insider has commented that trading fees play a vital role in an exchange’s revenue, and given Bithumb’s reported loss in earnings during the second quarter, there are concerns about their capacity to sustain this strategy.