Crypto rally drives surge in South Koreans’ offshore disclosures

At Hong Kong FinTech Week 2025, Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) Chief Executive Julia Leung outlined plans to link Hong Kong’s crypto market with global liquidity. She announced that licensed virtual asset trading platforms (VATPs) will be allowed to share a global order book with their overseas counterparts. According to a statement published on the SFC’s website, this step will enable local investors to access international markets more efficiently, improving price discovery and competitiveness. Leung added that more initiatives are on the way to connect local brokers directly to global liquidity networks. This latest connectivity push comes as Hong Kong considers new guardrails for crypto holding companies such as digital asset treasuries (DATs), which hold cryptocurrencies as strategic assets.Photo by Manson Yim on UnsplashSFC points to regulatory gaps for digital asset treasuriesThe state-owned newspaper Wen Wei Po reported that Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) Chairman Kelvin Wong noted the current lack of regulations governing listed companies operating as DATs and the limited understanding of such entities. Chairman Wong added that firms seeking to list in Hong Kong as DATs would need to persuade both the SFC and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX) of their suitability. For companies already listed, he urged investors to remain alert to the potential risks involved. This regulatory concern over crypto investing companies emerges as Hong Kong simultaneously presses ahead with its ambition to become a leading hub for digital finance. City advances on e-HKD and tokenizationIn line with that ambition, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) unveiled its e-HKD Pilot Programme Phase 2 Report in an Oct. 28 press release. The report outlines the potential benefits of its central bank digital currency (CBDC), the e-HKD, and tokenized deposits, noting that public feedback on both concepts has been broadly positive. The program's second phase involved 11 pilot projects led by various consortiums. These projects explored retail use cases, emphasizing the e-HKD’s commercial viability and scalability. Key focus areas included the settlement of tokenized assets, programmability, and offline payments. Participants in the program included Aptos Labs, the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), Hang Seng Bank, Standard Chartered, and BlackRock. Based on the report's findings, the HKMA stated it would initially prioritize the e-HKD’s application in wholesale or large-value payments, leveraging its credit risk–free nature as a central bank liability. Concurrently, the authority plans to continue studying potential retail and corporate applications, aiming to lay the groundwork for broader implementation by the first half of 2026. Survey shows strong investor appetiteAmong the program’s participants, Aptos Labs, Boston Consulting Group (BCG), and Hang Seng Bank reported accelerating interest in tokenized funds. A survey they conducted found that 61% of retail investors in Hong Kong and mainland China planned to double their exposure. Held between May and June 2025 among more than 500 retail fund investors, the survey tracked sentiment and appetite for tokenized products. Mainland participants showed particularly strong demand for cross-border access. The findings also detailed differing motivations among Hong Kong investors. Active traders expect to lift tokenized fund allocations from 10% to 26%, attracted by round-the-clock trading and greater flexibility. Wealth transfer planners indicated an expected expansion from 5% to 16%, highlighting programmable fund structures for tailored trusts and transparent oversight. Long-term investors aim to raise exposure from 8% to 25%, citing instant liquidity and the ability to use tokenized assets as loan collateral. Mainland investors projected their allocations would climb from 11% to 24%, reportedly viewing tokenized funds as a practical route around capital restrictions. The survey noted that programmable features could support dynamic allocation across Hong Kong products, the onshore use of profits, and smoother cross-border transfers. BCG commented that the survey outcomes align with Hong Kong's measured advance in crypto oversight, pointing to the city’s stablecoin regime that came into force in August. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) has signaled, however, that licensing under that regime will not begin until early next year. The ongoing development of the e-HKD and the prospective regulation of digital-asset treasuries point to Hong Kong’s broader strategy of integrating digital finance into its mainstream economy. Together, these initiatives underscore a cautious yet steady effort to position the city as a global center for digital finance. 

Iranian authorities last week introduced new restrictions on stablecoin transactions, limiting individuals to an annual purchase cap of $5,000 and a total holding limit of $10,000. According to a report from Iran International, licensed digital platforms have one month from the effective date to enforce these new regulations on all users.Photo by Hadis Malekie on UnsplashRial decline fuels stablecoin uptakeThe move coincides with the continued devaluation of the national currency, with the Iranian rial reaching an all-time low of 1,136,500 per U.S. dollar on Sept. 27. This currency plunge occurred just before the reimposition of United Nations sanctions, which took effect at 00:00 UTC on Sept. 28. Since then, the rial has weakened further, reaching a new low of 1,170,000 per U.S. dollar as of publication, as per data from Bonbast.  For many Iranians, stablecoins like USDT have become an essential financial tool, providing a hedge against inflation and a means to transfer funds internationally, bypassing the traditional banking system. The adoption of these U.S. dollar-pegged digital assets has reportedly grown since the escalation of conflicts with Israel and the U.S. earlier in the year. These new financial controls follow recent actions by the U.S. to counter what it describes as Iranian "shadow banking" networks. On Sept. 16, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctioned two Iranian financial operatives and their network of companies in Hong Kong and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A press release stated these entities used cryptocurrency and front companies to transfer funds from oil sales, benefiting Iran’s IRGC-Qods Force (QF) and its Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL). The U.S. Treasury asserts these funds are funneled into regional proxy groups and the development of advanced weapons programs.U.S. dollar to rial chart Source: BonbastHack on Iran’s top crypto platformIran’s private digital currency sector has also faced mounting security pressures. In June, Nobitex, the country’s largest crypto exchange, was hit by a major exploit that drained about $90 million in assets, including Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Dogecoin (DOGE), Ripple (XRP), Solana (SOL), Tron (TRX), and TON. A pro-Israel hacker group known as Predatory Sparrow, or Gonjeshke Darande, later claimed responsibility in a post on X. The attack took place during heightened military tensions that began with Israeli strikes on Iranian military and nuclear facilities on June 18, 2025. According to analysis by TRM Labs, digital assets are increasingly integral to Iran's efforts to navigate international sanctions and advance its geopolitical interests. Iranian exchanges, including Nobitex, process billions in cryptocurrency transactions. These platforms have been noted for permitting large withdrawals without stringent Know Your Customer (KYC) protocols and for employing sophisticated methods to obscure the origins and destinations of funds. At the same time, these exchanges are not used solely for state-level purposes. For many ordinary Iranians, grappling with inflation and economic isolation, digital assets represent a practical tool for safeguarding savings and maintaining limited access to the global economy, underscoring the dual role that cryptocurrency plays in the country. 

South Korean lawmakers are moving to seize control of the nation’s stalled second phase of digital asset legislation, aiming to bypass months of interagency gridlock and introduce a comprehensive regulatory framework by January. The legislative acceleration comes as Seoul races to align with global standards following the implementation of the U.S. GENIUS Act in July, a shift that has intensified pressure on local regulators to formalize oversight of the crypto sector. According to a report from the Maeil Business Newspaper, the ruling Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) plans to introduce the Digital Asset Basic Act as a lawmaker-sponsored bill rather than wait for a government submission. The procedural move is intended to ensure that formal deliberations can begin during the February provisional session. Lawmaker Kang Jun-hyeon, a DPK member of the National Policy Committee, told reporters on Dec. 11 that relying on the government’s timeline would jeopardize passage of the bill in the first half of next year. Kang cited points of disagreement among the parliament, the government, and industry stakeholders. Among the authorities, in particular, a standoff between the Bank of Korea (BOK) and the Financial Services Commission (FSC) over monetary policy and issuance authority has been a key source of delay.Photo by Lauren Seo on UnsplashDraft sets ‘major’ stablecoin requirementsAt the heart of the legislation is a new classification system for stablecoins. The government delivered its draft for the Digital Asset Basic Act to DPK’s Digital Asset Task Force, outlining its intention to classify won-denominated stablecoins exceeding a certain issuance threshold as “major digital payment tokens.” According to Blockmedia, citing sources familiar with the closed-door briefing to the task force, these assets would fall under a rigorous oversight framework developed in consultation with the central bank. Under the draft rules, issuers would be required to maintain 100% reserves, prohibited from making interest payments to holders, and obliged to submit detailed issuance plans to the FSC. Foreign-issued stablecoins would only be permitted to circulate domestically if the issuer establishes a local branch. Although the government ultimately submitted its draft to the DPK, the delivery was delayed by two days, missing the Dec. 10 deadline set by the party. Officials attributed the postponement to unresolved interagency disagreements. The central bank had argued that any issuance should require unanimous approval from all relevant agencies, including itself, but the government agreed to involve the bank only when a token is designated as “major.” The Bank of Korea continues to advocate for a bank-led consortium issuance model, highlighting the coordination challenges that have complicated the bill’s preparation. Supply thresholds emerge as fault lineCritics warn that the proposed regulations could inadvertently tilt the market against domestic innovation. Analysts argue that if the threshold for the "major" designation is set too low, new won-based issuers may face compliance costs that could undermine their business viability before they reach meaningful scale. They added that setting the bar for entrenched dollar-backed issuers such as USDT and USDC is also complex, given that their combined global issuance already exceeds $250 billion. Market participants said concerns about triggering the “major” designation could prompt Korean issuers to cap supply to avoid heightened scrutiny, effectively stifling growth from the outset. Despite these concerns, political will to close the policy vacuum is hardening. The DPK intends to move the legislation forward on its own timetable, incorporating the government’s input but steering the process through parliament. Lawmaker Kang emphasized that while numerous issues remain, the task force aims to narrow the debate to a few essential questions before the bill’s planned introduction in January. Industry representatives have largely welcomed the clearer timeline, viewing the move as a necessary step to reduce uncertainty as the global crypto sector comes under more formal regulatory oversight.