South Korea crypto market cools as Kimchi Premium turns negative

A subsidiary company of Tiger Brokers, a Singapore-based online brokerage firm with nine million users, has been awarded a virtual asset trading license in Hong Kong. The subsidiary, YAX (Hong Kong) Limited, has been added to a list of licensed virtual asset trading providers (VATPs) on the website of the local regulator, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC). Photo by Simon Zhu on UnsplashSeven platforms licensedBack in August, YAX found itself among a list of 11 VATP applicants that had been provided with feedback with regard to issues that needed to be addressed following inspections carried out by the SFC. Evidently, those issues have been resolved given that the company has now been awarded a trading license. YAX is now just one of nine trading platforms that have obtained licenses in the Chinese autonomous territory. These include OSL and HashKey, who were the first entities to be licensed in Hong Kong. HKVAX followed with approval granted in August 2023. Last October, SFC CEO Julia Leung told local news media that the regulator was dealing with 11 applications and that four approvals were imminent. In December, four additional exchanges, namely HKbitEX, Accumulus, DFX Labs and EX.IO, were awarded licenses. Bixin.com, WhaleFin and Matrixport HK are among the eleven applicants that have yet to receive a license. Alongside YAX, Panthertrade (Hong Kong) Limited was issued a license on Jan. 27, meaning that seven platforms have now been licensed. Panthertrade is a subsidiary company of Chinese mobile internet firm Cheetah Mobile.  Crypto trading and custodyOnce launched, YAX intends to extend crypto trading services alongside crypto custody to its clients. The company’s CEO, Kelvin Liu Kai, has said that as it rolls out its service offering, YAX will look to enhance speed trading, focus on transparency and security relative to the trading process and reduce custodial risks.  Tiger Brokers CEO Wu Tianhua has suggested that the virtual asset sector has grown rapidly on a global basis and with that, he sees “immense potential” for further growth. He added:“Cryptocurrencies are a key future investment trend. The establishment of YAX not only demonstrates our confidence in the potential of the market, but also showcases our firm commitment to creating a transparent and secure trading environment.” Swift licensing processThese latest licensing applicant approvals follow confirmation earlier this month that the SFC had extended access to its swift licensing process to all new VATP applicants. The four applicants approved in December had been the first to be put through the process.  In December, Joseph Chan, Acting Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury (FSTB), confirmed to Hong Kong’s Legislative Council that in addition to the swift licensing process, a consultative panel for licensed trading platforms will be established in early 2025. It emerged in October 2023 that both YAX and Panthertrade were planning on submitting applications for VATP licensing in Hong Kong. With licensing pending, YAX parent company Tiger Brokers partnered with HashKey Exchange in May 2024, in order to launch a virtual asset trading service.  The service was made available to retail investors through the Tiger Trade platform the following month, enabling the platform’s 800,000 users to trade Bitcoin and Ethereum.

As the cryptocurrency market’s sluggish performance stretches into another year, South Korean investors have largely engaged in a wait-and-see approach. According to local media outlet Dailian, users are now checking prices only occasionally rather than trading actively, a shift evidenced by sharp declines in engagement metrics at the country’s two dominant exchanges, Upbit and Bithumb.Photo by NordWood Themes on UnsplashHigh retention, low activityData from Mobile Index reveals a stark contrast between user retention and actual activity. Throughout 2025, monthly active user (MAU) levels remained relatively stable—Upbit recorded as many as 4.7 million MAUs, while Bithumb reached approximately 2.7 million at its peak. This suggests that while the market downturn has dampened enthusiasm, it has not driven users to exit the ecosystem entirely. However, the time users spent on these platforms plummeted as liquidity dried up. In January 2025, ample market liquidity drove aggressive trading behavior; Upbit users spent an average of 7 hours and 30 minutes on the app during the month. By December, that figure had crashed to just 2 hours and 30 minutes—a 66.4% decline. Bithumb experienced a similar contraction, with average monthly usage falling from 233 minutes in January to 120 minutes in December. Aggregate usage followed the same downward trajectory. On Upbit, total monthly time spent across the user base fell from 35.66 million hours in January to 10.54 million hours in December. Bithumb saw total hours drop from 10.63 million to 4.65 million over the same period. The altcoin freezeThis reduction in screen time correlated directly with collapsing trading volumes. Upbit’s daily trading volume shrank from approximately 270 trillion won ($187 billion) in January to 52 trillion won ($36 billion) in December. Bithumb saw a proportional decline, dropping from 85 trillion won ($59 billion) to 24 trillion won ($17 billion). Analysts attribute this trend to a capital concentration in major assets like Bitcoin, which hit a new all-time high in October. Conversely, altcoins—which typically account for a disproportionately large share of trading volume in South Korea—failed to spark a rebound. Despite aggressive listing strategies—Upbit listed 73 new tokens and Bithumb added 156 last year—the influx of new assets failed to prompt a broader rally. One industry expert noted that none of the newly listed tokens managed to stand out, adding that the decline in Bitcoin prices later in the year further soured sentiment toward altcoins. The expert also highlighted that stronger performance in traditional asset classes, including U.S. and South Korean equities and gold, drew capital away from the crypto sector. However, another analyst offered a less pessimistic interpretation, suggesting that 2025 was not a year of investor exodus but rather one of dormancy. Investors chose to stay on the sidelines due to a lack of clear profit opportunities, implying that a resurgence in altcoin momentum could restore trading activity. Institutional giants push forwardDespite the retail lull, traditional financial institutions are actively exploring the sector, positioning themselves for future utility. Last month, BC Card signed a memorandum of understanding with U.S.-based exchange Coinbase to test USDC payments at South Korean merchants. The pilot program aims to integrate Coinbase’s Base blockchain wallets with BC Card’s QR payment infrastructure. Simultaneously, the broader card industry is preparing for the second phase of crypto legislation, which is expected to focus on stablecoin regulation. Nine credit card companies—including Samsung Card, Shinhan Card, and KB Kookmin Card—plan to form a task force this month under the Credit Finance Association (CREFIA). This initiative will focus on building an end-to-end system for stablecoin-based card payments and merchant settlements, including pilot tests for stablecoin-linked debit cards usable at standard payment terminals. Investment interest also remains alive in the corporate sector. Mirae Asset Financial Group is reportedly considering acquiring Korbit, the country’s fourth-largest exchange, through its subsidiary Mirae Asset Consulting. Market observers estimate the potential deal could be valued at up to 140 billion won ($97 million). 

Seoul Prosecutors to Establish Dedicated Division to Combat Crypto CrimesSeoul Southern District Prosecutors’ Office announced that by the end of this month, it will establish a specialized division dedicated to investigating cryptocurrency crimes, according to local news agency Yonhap. This move marks the introduction of the first-ever cryptocurrency-focused investigation organization within South Korea’s prosecution system.Photo by Markus Winkler on UnsplashInvestigation and legal analysisThe newly formed joint cryptocurrency investigation division will prioritize its efforts on combating various crypto-related crimes, including fraudulent activities. Furthermore, the division will examine legal documents to determine whether certain virtual assets constitute securities.This introduction of a specialized division by the public prosecution is expected to streamline and expedite ongoing investigations into cryptocurrency-related cases, demonstrating the authorities’ dedication to addressing the emerging challenges associated with illicit activities in the crypto sphere.Investor protection effortsSouth Korea has been ramping up its initiatives to safeguard crypto investors. Notably, last month, the National Assembly’s plenary session passed the Virtual Asset User Protection Bill, which is scheduled to take effect in July of next year. Further strengthening the protective framework, the Financial Services Commission (FSC) recently announced a plan to require companies to disclose their virtual asset holdings in the footnotes of financial statements.