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Kazinform, the state-owned official news agency of Kazakhstan, has reported that the central Asian republic is working towards the establishment of a national crypto reserve. The news agency revealed that in answering an inquiry from a member of the Kazakhstan parliament, Timur Suleimenov, Governor of the National Bank of Kazakhstan, said that the central bank is currently studying information related to the formation and management of a national crypto reserve. Photo by engin akyurt on UnsplashFollowing best international practicePlans are being devised for a crypto reserve on the basis that best international practice as applied to sovereign wealth fund management is adopted. In this respect, guidelines related to transparency of accounting and secure crypto custody will be followed. The reserve will be established through an affiliate entity of Kazakhstan's central bank, specializing in alternative investments. In responding to the parliamentary inquiry, Suleimenov also revealed the likely source of funding for the fund. He stated: “International practice shows that the sources for such a reserve may include confiscated crypto-assets, as well as  cryptocurrencies mined by a crypto miner partially owned by the government.” Suleimenov outlined that while crypto assets have proven to be volatile and riskier than other asset classes, having the reserve controlled and managed by a central bank affiliate would result in the required levels of risk management and overall oversight being applied. According to Kursiv, a news organization focused on the Central Asian region, the authorities in Kazakhstan plan to amend relevant legislation so as to enable the effective management of the crypto reserve. Suleimenov stated that the central bank is open to discussing potential legislative amendments with members of Kazakhstan's parliament. The National Bank of Kazakhstan's governor also warned that misinformation by pseudo-business coaches related to cryptocurrencies needs to be curbed. He feels that in order to protect investors, and particularly young people, legal measures will be necessary in an effort to bring about greater transparency within the country’s crypto market. The authorities in Kazakhstan currently have a crypto regulatory framework in place that requires crypto trading platforms that extend their services to local users to have acquired a trading license from the Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC).  In May, it emerged that the Central Asian republic is planning to establish a pilot project for cryptocurrencies called “CryptoCity.” At the time, Kazakhstan’s president, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, delivered a speech at the Astana International Forum outlining that the CryptoCity project would facilitate the use of crypto for the payment of goods and services within a specific geographical zone. Crypto hub potentialEarlier that month, the country’s First Vice-Minister of Digital Development, Innovation and Aerospace Industry, Kanysh Tuleushin, said that Kazakhstan had the potential to emerge as a leading cryptocurrency hub within the Central Asian region. Following the implementation of a ban on crypto mining in China in 2021, Kazakhstan experienced an influx of miners, attracted by cheap electricity. However, the arrival of miners was unplanned for, putting extreme pressure on the local electricity grid, resulting ultimately in brownouts and protests. The country once accounted for 27% of global Bitcoin mining. However, regulations introduced in 2023 led to the activity being scaled back considerably.

The Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), an independent statutory body that regulates Hong Kong’s securities and futures markets, has alerted investors to 33 suspicious websites which appear to be masquerading as HashKey, one of the Chinese autonomous territory’s first licensed virtual asset exchanges.Photo by Dan Freeman on UnsplashAlert listThe regulator flagged the websites by publishing their domain names to its alert list. Hong Kong’s SFC first published its alert list relative to suspicious crypto-related entities in November 2021. In terms of both suspicious trading platforms and suspicious crypto-related web links, the regulator has found 91 instances to date. Remarks added to the listing confirm that a HashKey company, Hash Blockchain Limited, had reported the websites to the regulator as fraudulent websites. The web domain links have been slightly modified when compared to official links to the HashKey website, in an effort to mislead HashKey customers. A little less than two weeks ago, HashKey published a statement to its website, making service users aware of the fraudulent links and websites. It stated: “Fraudulent websites will appear under different domain names or with slight modifications or variations of the official HashKey Exchange website address www.hashkey.com by adding a combination of letters, numbers or symbols.” The company added that it has no connection with these websites, that no affiliation exists with HashKey Exchange, and consequently the company doesn’t accept any liability for any matters relating to these fraudulent websites and links. As well as the regulator, HashKey has also reported the matter to the Hong Kong Police Force. Tackling crypto-related fraudBoth law enforcement and regulators in Hong Kong have been more proactive in tackling any signs of crypto-related fraud or potential scams following an episode of fraud involving an unlicensed Dubai-headquartered crypto exchange, JPEX, in 2023. At that time, the authorities within the Chinese autonomous territory received in excess of 2,369 complaints from Hong Kong residents who had been duped by the unregulated exchange. Overall, victims were out of pocket to the tune of $166 million. Some commentators had likened the JPEX scandal as being an “FTX moment” for Hong Kong, referring to the high profile collapse of Bahamas-headquartered crypto exchange FTX in November 2022. However, Hong Kong investors also suffered as a result of the FTX collapse.  In fact, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) and the SFC were listed as FTX creditors in 2023. The statutory bodies appeared on the FTX creditor list alongside 50 Hong Kong institutions. Towards the end of 2023, the agency issued a public warning regarding HongKongDAO and BitCuped, entities that were accused of misinformation. In February 2024, the SFC issued a reminder to investors within the Chinese autonomous territory to ensure that they’re only engaging with licensed cryptocurrency platforms. To date, the regulator has awarded crypto trading licenses to seven virtual asset trading platforms (VATPs). Earlier this month, the regulator extended use of its swift licensing process to all new applicants in an effort to fast-track the approval of more licensed platforms.

Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Southeast Asian nation’s securities regulator, is believed to be considering moving towards approving spot Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF) products.  In an interview with Bloomberg, the Thai SEC’s Secretary-General, Pornanong Budsaratragoon, said that the agency is weighing up whether to allow individual investors and institutions to access spot Bitcoin ETFs. Budsaratragoon stated: “We have to adapt and ensure that our investors have more options in crypto assets with proper protection.”Photo by Photo By: Kaboompics.com on PexelsMoving along with global crypto adoptionJanuary 10 marked the first anniversary of the approval of spot Bitcoin ETFs in the United States. Given that the U.S. is home to the world’s largest capital markets, that decision has had an impact internationally. That reality is borne out by one of Budsaratragoon’s comments. She stated: “Like it or not, we have to move along with more adoption of cryptocurrencies worldwide.” While the SEC Secretary-General’s comment suggests that she feels a compulsion to move forward in line with developments elsewhere, that wasn’t the agency’s position in January 2024 following spot Bitcoin ETF approval in the U.S.  Shortly afterwards, the regulator, alongside its regional counterpart in Singapore, outlined that it had no plans to approve the product in Thailand, stating: "The SEC has been following these developments closely but we do not have a policy to allow spot Bitcoin ETFs to be established in Thailand for the time being.” Initial access to overseas productsIn March of last year, the agency had warmed to the Bitcoin ETF product offering to a greater extent, by approving access to such products listed overseas to high-net-worth individuals and institutions. Off the back of that approval, One Asset Management (ONEAM) launched a fund of funds in June 2024, enabling Thai investors to gain exposure to Bitcoin ETFs which had been publicly listed overseas. Back in October, Nirun Fuwattananukul, CEO of Binance Thailand, stated in an opinion piece published by the Bangkok Post that he felt that the Thai crypto market was moving from retail towards a focus on the institutions. He stated:“By allowing more institutional funds to participate, the SEC is enabling a diverse range of investment strategies and helping digital assets gain broader acceptance in the mainstream.” Fuwattananukul suggested that the local regulator had made some changes on Oct. 9, paving the way for institutional-grade mutual and private funds to invest in crypto products. The approval of locally listed Bitcoin ETF products would broaden investor access to digital assets in Thailand, particularly in relation to institutional investors, which is in line with the thinking of the Binance executive. Earlier this month, Thailand’s Deputy Prime Minister, Pichai Chunhavajira, announced that a pilot program was being launched to help foreign tourists pay for goods and services using crypto within the Thai resort city of Phuket.  Meanwhile, former Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra expressed a bullish view on crypto in a speech he made in Bangkok last week. Shinawatra called on the country’s institutions to be more open to cryptocurrency, while citing regulatory developments in the U.S. relative to the emerging asset class.