Korea Exchange to conduct CBDC pilot test in H2

Singapore’s UniPass Plays Role in ERC-4337 Vulnerability FixSmart contract wallet provider UniPass and crypto infrastructure firm Fireblocks have successfully addressed a significant vulnerability in the Ethereum ecosystem.Photo by Nenad Novaković on UnsplashAccount abstraction vulnerabilityThis vulnerability, identified as the ERC-4337 account abstraction vulnerability, posed a critical security risk to hundreds of mainnet wallets. The joint effort between Fireblocks and UniPass was detailed in a blog post published to the Fireblocks website on Thursday.This vulnerability, if exploited, could have enabled a malicious actor to execute a complete takeover of the UniPass Wallet by manipulating Ethereum’s account abstraction process. The vulnerability represented a substantial threat to the security of smart contract wallets, as it could lead to unauthorized access and fund drainage.Improving user experienceAccount abstraction, as dealt with via ERC-4337, is a mechanism that introduces a novel way of processing transactions and interacting with smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. It allows for a more flexible and efficient handling of transactions, transcending the traditional distinction between externally owned accounts (EOAs) and contract accounts.EOAs are controlled by private keys and can initiate transactions, while contract accounts are governed by the code of a smart contract. When an EOA initiates a transaction with a contract account, it triggers the execution of the contract’s code. Account abstraction introduces the notion of abstracted accounts, which are not tied to a specific private key and can initiate transactions and interact with smart contracts, similar to EOAs.In the context of ERC-4337, an account executing an action relies on the EntryPoint contract to ensure that only signed transactions are executed. Typically, these accounts trust a single audited EntryPoint contract to validate user operations before executing commands. However, the vulnerability resided in the fact that a malicious or buggy EntryPoint contract could potentially skip the validation step and directly call the execution function, bypassing essential security measures.This vulnerability, identified by the two firms, had allowed attackers to seize control of UniPass wallets by replacing the trusted EntryPoint of the wallet. Once this takeover was completed, the attacker could access the wallet and drain its funds.It’s worth noting that the vulnerability posed a threat to several hundred users who had activated the ERC-4337 module in their wallets, making them susceptible to exploitation by any actor on the blockchain. Fortunately, the wallets affected by this vulnerability contained only small amounts of funds, and swift mitigation efforts were successful in preventing further harm.Company mergerEarlier this year, Singapore’s UniPass merged with Chinese wallet provider Keystone to form Account Labs, a company which has been incorporated in Singapore. At the time, Keystone founder Liu Lixin outlined that further developing account abstraction-derived products was the objective of the creation of Account Labs. He stated:“We are on the cusp of a Web3 Account Abstraction revolution. Together, we’ll drive rapid transformation, making the transition from Web2 to Web3 effortless for users. Our goal is to ensure everyone can securely and smoothly manage a decentralized account. We welcome partners to join us in advancing the Web3 account domain.”In furthering that objective, Account Labs announced on Thursday that it had raised $7.7 million in a funding round led by Amber Group, MixMarvel DAO Ventures, and Qiming Ventures.

Sejong Telecom and Hyosung TNS to Collaborate on Real Estate Security TokensSejong Telecom said Tuesday that it has signed a business deal with Hyosung TNS, the infrastructure and finance arm of South Korean conglomerate Hyosung Group, to boost the profitability of its real estate investment service BBRIC and collaborate in security token offering (STO) services.Photo by Tierra Mallorca on UnsplashIntegrated servicesUnder the deal, Sejong Telecom will integrate the BBRIC platform into NFTtown — Hyosung TNS’ portal service dedicated to providing information, news, and educational content on non-fungible tokens (NFTs). BBRIC aims to expand its user base and modes of marketing by promoting its investment products, events, and services within NFTtown’s fractional real estate investment channel.Furthermore, users can conduct their transactions in a secure and convenient manner through BBRIC without paying intermediary fees. This promotion strategy is expected to ultimately increase profitability, BBRIC said.“Through this deal, we will create an ecosystem where anyone can readily find and compare information on fractional investments and invest accordingly,” said Park Hyo-jin, Head of Sejong Telecom’s blockchain division. “BBRIC will diversify its promotional and sales channels to create real estate financial investment products that are not only stable and reliable but also accessible to a wide range of customers.”Hyosung TNS’ venturesHyosung TNS is a leading player in the automated teller machine (ATM) market both in Korea and overseas. It operates in 46 countries, supplying a variety of financial automation solutions. NFTtown is part of the company’s blockchain endeavors, through which it plans to provide information about various security tokens, including real estate.

India has once again emerged as the global leader in cryptocurrency adoption for the second consecutive year, according to the latest Chainalysis Global Crypto Adoption Index for 2024. Despite strict regulations, including high taxes and restrictions on foreign exchanges, India continues to see widespread participation in digital assets, showcasing resilience in the country’s growing cryptocurrency ecosystem.Photo by Jovyn Chamb on UnsplashIndia leads in crypto adoptionIndia ranked first out of 151 countries in the 2024 Chainalysis report, maintaining its top position from 2023. Indian investors have continued engaging with both centralized and decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms despite regulatory challenges such as the 30% capital gains tax and a 1% tax deducted at source (TDS) on crypto transactions. This activity highlights the country's strong interest in digital assets. India received $143 billion in crypto inflows from July 2023 to June 2024, placing second in the Central and Southern Asia and Oceania (CSAO) region behind Indonesia, which received $157 billion. CSAO as a whole accounted for $750 billion in crypto assets over the same period, making up 16.6% of global crypto activity. Offshore exchange restrictions and workaroundsIn December 2023, India’s Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) issued show-cause notices to nine offshore cryptocurrency exchanges, including Binance, Kraken and KuCoin, for non-compliance with anti-money laundering laws. The FIU also blocked access to these platforms for Indian users. However, many investors found ways to bypass these restrictions, continuing to access these exchanges via pre-downloaded apps. Despite these regulatory hurdles, Binance and KuCoin have since re-entered the Indian market after paying fines and complying with local laws. Binance settled a $2.25 million fine in June 2024, while KuCoin resolved a $41,000 penalty in March 2024. Indonesia’s rapid growth in cryptoIndonesia on the other hand has emerged as the fastest-growing crypto market in the CSAO region, climbing four places to third in the global rankings. The country experienced a nearly 200% year-over-year increase in crypto activity, driven primarily by retail investors seeking alternative investments such as meme coins. Indonesia received $157.1 billion in crypto inflows during the 12-month period, reflecting strong engagement with decentralized finance services. Broader regional trendsSeven of the top 20 countries in Chainalysis’ adoption index come from the CSAO region, including Vietnam, the Philippines and Pakistan. This growth is fueled by investment opportunities and an embrace of digital assets as new financial tools. Countries with lower purchasing power tend to have higher adoption rates, with retail-sized transactions making up a significant portion of activity.India’s resilient crypto marketDespite regulatory challenges, India’s crypto market continues to thrive. The government's strict policies have done little to dampen enthusiasm for digital assets. Chainalysis found that investors remained committed to crypto, even as the country enforces strict tax policies. India’s high adoption rate reflects strong demand and adaptability in the market. Future outlook for India’s crypto ecosystemIndia’s leadership in crypto adoption is expected to continue. The FIU is reviewing applications from more foreign exchanges, with at least two expected to be approved by the end of 2025. As the regulatory landscape evolves, clearer guidelines could encourage further growth and innovation in the digital asset space.