Iran curtails crypto exchange hours following $90M hack

South Korea: Crypto Exchange Execs Indicted on Manipulation ChargesA number of executives at Coinone, one of South Korea’s leading cryptocurrency exchanges, have been indicted on charges related to market manipulation.That’s according to a report published by South Korean news outlet, The JoongAng, on Monday. The complaint details no less than forty-six coins that are alleged to have been the subject of manipulation in some form. That represents one in four of the total number of coins that the exchange has enabled for trading on the platform.Photo by Burak The Weekender on PexelsFour executives indictedThe indictment lists four Coinone executives, Mr. Jeon, Mr. Kim, Mr. Ko, and Mr. Hwang. The four have been charged with employing illegal mechanisms to manipulate coin listings, resulting in the four executives profiting to the tune of 2.98 billion Korean Won, which amounts to $2.26 million dollars according to current fx exchange rates.The complaint specifies that these offenses were committed between December 2019 and November 2022. South Korean prosecutors further allege that prior to various projects obtaining a token listing on Coinone, company executives made them sign third-party market-making contracts. That in and of itself is not unusual.One of the key aspects of a new coin listing (and an ongoing listing for that matter), is the need to have sufficient liquidity in place to ensure that the coin can be traded without being susceptible to market manipulation. Low liquidity conditions open the door to bad actors moving the market relative to a particular token.Cross tradingThe indictment is far more specific in calling out illegal cross trading activity. It’s likely that these key Coinone employees would have been expecting such an indictment to land at their doors. Last week, it emerged that LUNA tokens associated with Terraform Labs’ failed Terra USD (TUSD) algorithmic stablecoin project, had been illegally cross traded on three South Korean crypto exchanges: Bithumb, GoPax and Coinone.Cross trading is the practice of trading an asset on an exchange without recording the transaction transparently on the exchange. Strictly speaking, the activity can be legitimate although most exchanges prohibit the practice as it can be used to affect market manipulation.A cross trade could be permitted in a scenario where the price is deemed to be competitive at the time that the trade takes place. While this can more easily be determined in conventional markets as the practice is covered by specific regulation, that’s not the case in most jurisdictions right now where digital asset trading is concerned. By extension, there’s a complete lack of transparency and a lack of reporting.As other market participants don’t have visibility of this type of trading activity, they are unaware as to whether a better price is available on the market or not. In an unregulated state, the practice undermines trust.In the case of Coinone, the executives enabled the practice in order to provide an illusion with regard to trading activity. That meant that trading volumes claimed were inaccurate, misleading ordinary traders and exchange users. Along with trading volume in these coins being artificially boosted, so too were token prices.In the indictment, prosecutors explicitly alleged that cross trading was being employed in an illegal manner:“This price manipulation causes misunderstandings about the trading volume and market price among general members of the exchange, and induces [service users] to participate in the coin transaction and buy the coin.”

MHC Digital Group, an Australian digital assets management platform, has entered into a partnership with USDC stablecoin issuer Circle Internet Financial, with a view towards increasing the circulation of USDC within Australia and the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region. MHC was founded by well-known venture investor Mark Carnegie, with the company having offices in Sydney and Singapore. The firm will work with Circle to distribute USDC in Australia and within the APAC region. MHC has been marketing its services towards institutional investors and it’s that same client group that the two firms want to target in order to increase USDC circulation. The firm will provide “cost-effective and efficient USDC access” where institutional clients are concerned.Photo by Catarina Sousa on PexelsCrypto ‘a better mousetrap’ In a media release published on behalf of the two companies, Carnegie claimed that while many people still claim that there is no use case for crypto, hundreds of billions move globally at a fraction of the cost experienced via the traditional financial system. “Crypto is simply a better mouse trap for the vast majority of international payments,” he added. Commenting on the development in an interview with the Australian Financial Review, Carnegie stated:“I’m hoping we can show there are hundreds of millions of dollars of forex [foreign exchange] trading fees, where super funds are getting their faces ripped off by Macquarie Bank and the other incumbent banks.” Appealing to pension funds Carnegie wants to get large pension funds on board in using USDC. He pointed to the fact that global banks make $170 billion from corporations and individual investors through the movement of funds over the SWIFT network. He can see that major savings can be made if USDC is used relative to these fees. Despite all this, Carnegie acknowledges that it will be a hard sell to get them on board. As part of these plans, MHC Digital will be launching an over-the-counter (OTC) trading desk, which will be targeted towards hedge funds, crypto enterprises and high-net-worth individuals. APAC opportunity Kash Razzaghi, Circle’s chief business officer (CBO), identified APAC as presenting with an adoption opportunity beyond institutional clients. Razzaghi stated: “With its young, mobile-first and digital wallet-ready population, the Asia Pacific region is ahead of the curve when it comes to digital asset adoption." Carnegie appears to be similarly enthusiastic when it comes to the APAC region. In an interview with CNBC back in January, he suggested that the crypto bull run was “an Asian story this time round.” It’s understood that the two companies are also considering collaborating on the issuance and distribution of an Australian dollar (AUD) denominated stablecoin. This development is the latest in a string of initiatives taken by Circle to bring about USDC adoption in the APAC region. In 2023 the company partnered with SBI Holdings with the objective of enhancing the circulation of USDC within the Japanese market. The very same rationale resulted in it partnering with Tokyo-based crypto trading platform Coincheck in February 2024. The company has also tried to trigger adoption at a retail level, through collaborations with FamilyMart convenience stores in Taiwan and Southeast Asian super app Grab. 

Asian Countries Dominate Chainalysis’ 2023 Global Crypto Adoption IndexBlockchain analytics firm Chainalysis has just unveiled an excerpt of its “2023 Global Crypto Adoption Index,” revealing that Asian nations are top of the class in terms of the pace of crypto adoption.The report extract published to the Chainalysis website brings into focus the remarkable strides made by a number of Asian countries, emerging as the front-runners in driving grassroots cryptocurrency adoption.The index showcases the dominance of regions like Central and South Asia, along with the broader Oceania regions. Astonishingly, six of the top 10 countries on the index hail from this part of the world.Photo by Louis Hansel on UnsplashIndia takes top spotIndia, in particular, shines as the torchbearer of cryptocurrency adoption in the region, securing its position as the largest cryptocurrency market. It not only leads the way in grassroots adoption but has also ascended to become the second-largest crypto market globally in terms of raw estimated transaction volume, eclipsing even some major global economies.It’s interesting that India should find itself in this position when you consider that a number of measures have been taken that could have been expected to dampen adoption. The Indian authorities introduced a 30% tax on capital gains earned through the sale of digital assets, as well as a 1% tax on Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) for all crypto transactions.Last month, Indian crypto exchange CoinDCX specifically cited these tax burdens, combined with the recent bear market, as being contributing factors in its decision to cut its workforce by 12%. Another excerpt of the Chainalysis report explicitly refers to these measures and their potential to retard cryptocurrency use.Adoption despite bear marketDespite a temporary downturn in worldwide grassroots cryptocurrency adoption, Chainalysis’ research finds that these developing Asian nations, have not only weathered the storm brought about by the recent bear market but have thrived, with their total grassroots adoption surpassing the levels of Q3 2020, just before the most recent bull market.Other countries featuring in the top ten include Vietnam (third), the Philippines (sixth), Indonesia (seventh), Pakistan (eighth), and Thailand (tenth). China, Turkey, Bangladesh, and Japan then feature within the top twenty.This data holds promise for the cryptocurrency landscape in the Asian region. Many of these nations are lower middle-income (LMI) countries that typically exhibit burgeoning industries and populations, collectively representing more than 40% of the global population. Chainalysis suggests that if these countries shape the future, cryptocurrencies are poised to play an indispensable role in shaping the global financial ecosystem.Institutional adoptionThe excerpt from the report also hints at the burgeoning trend of institutional adoption in high-income countries, even in the face of a lingering bear market. This suggests a potential dual-directional adoption scenario, where cryptocurrencies cater to the needs of users from both affluent and developing nations, bringing together a diverse spectrum of economic backgrounds.The report takes an optimistic outlook, stating:“Grassroots crypto adoption isn’t about which countries have the highest raw transaction volumes. . . . Instead, we want to highlight the countries where average, everyday people are embracing crypto the most.”“If LMI countries are the future, then the data indicates that crypto is going to be a big part of that future.”